7.6-7.7

Question 1

Human Genome Project

Answer 1

The joint government and private sector research project that sequenced the human genome.

Question 2

Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs)

Answer 2

Non-coding, repeating sequences of DNA that vary in length between homologous chromosomes and between individuals.

Question 3

LINEs (Long interspersed nuclear elements)

Answer 3

Repetitive DNA sequences, approximately 6500bp in length on average, interspersed throughout the genome.

Question 4

SINEs (short interspersed nuclear elements)

Answer 4

Repetitive DNA sequences, approximately 500bp in length on average, interspersed throughout the genome.

Question 5

Transposon

Answer 5

A small segment of DNA that can move to a different position in the genome.

Question 6

Pseudogene

Answer 6

A sequence of DNA that is similar to an existing gene but does not code for proteins.

Question 7

Comparative Genomics

Answer 7

The study of the organization, functions, and relationships of the genomes of different species.

Question 8

Reverse Transcriptase

Answer 8

A viral enzyme that uses RNA as a template strand to synthesize complementary DNA.

Question 9

Retrovirus

Answer 9

A virus that uses reverse transcriptase for replication.

Question 10

Transduction

Answer 10

The use of viral vectors to introduce new genetic material into a cell.

Question 11

Lytic Cycle

Answer 11

The replication process in viruses in which the virus’s genetic material uses the copying machinery of the host cell to make new viruses.

Question 12

Lysogenic Cycle

Answer 12

The replication process in viruses in which the Viral DNA enters the host cell’s chromosome; it may remain dormant and later activate and instruct the host cell to produce more viruses. The Viral DNA that has become part of the host chromosome is then referred to as a provirus. A provirus can invade a cell but not kill it.