Chapter 9 - Water in plants

Question 1

What is transpiration?

Answer 1

 Moves water from roots to leaves

Question 2

What is translocation?

Answer 2

 Moves sugar from leaves/photosynthetic tissues & storage organs
 Shipped to where carbs are needed
 From “sources” to “sinks”

Question 3

What are the 3 levels of transport?

Answer 3

o Cellular level
 Uptake of water/solutes by individual cells
o Short distance
 Transport of substances, cell to cell
o Long distance
 Sap movement via xylem/phloem for whole plant

Question 4

What is aqueous solution in the xylem?

Answer 4

Xylem sap

Question 5

LATIN:
Ton

Answer 5

Tension

Question 6

LATIN:
iso

Answer 6

same/equal

Question 7

LATIN:
hypo

Answer 7

below/reduced

Question 8

LATIN:
Hyper

Answer 8

above, elevated

Question 9

What is isotonic osmosis?

Answer 9

No net movement, the levels are constant but water is moving

Question 10

What is hypotonic osmosis?

Answer 10

Water moves into the cell to dilute the solution equally

Question 11

What is hypertonic osmosis?

Answer 11

Water leaves the cell to dilute the solution equally

Question 12

What is osmosis?

Answer 12

Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Question 13

Which ‘hesion?
o Attraction between like molecules
o Cohesion of H2O due to H-bonds
o Underlies surface tension

Answer 13

Cohesion

Question 14

Which ‘hesion?
o Attraction between unlike molecules
o Water attracted to charged surfaces
o Underlies capillary action

Answer 14

Adhesion

Question 15

What is the most accepted mechanism of water transport?

Answer 15

Cohesion-tension theory

Question 16

o Due to diffs in physical pressure
o Can be positive or negative pressure

Answer 16

Potential pressure

Question 17

o Due to diffs in solute concentration
o Creates osmotic pressure

Answer 17

Osmotic potential

Question 18

Water transport 3 steps:

Answer 18

 Absorption of soil water by roots
 Ascent of xylem sap up stele
 Movement into leaf and out stomata

Question 19

LATIN:
myco

Answer 19

Fungus

Question 20

LATIN:
rhiz

Answer 20

root

Question 21

LATIN:
Sym

Answer 21

together/with

Question 22

What route is with the cytoplasm

Answer 22

symplast

Question 23

Which route is away from the cytoplasm?

Answer 23

Apoplast

Question 24

What opens the stomata?

Answer 24

o Turgid guard cells open stomata
o Declining mesophyll co2 also causes guard cells to open

Question 25

What were the 4 main water transport theories?

Answer 25

~Pumping action ~Capillary action ~Root pressure ~Transpiration pull

Question 26

This isn't a question - just encouragement

Answer 26

You can do it!!!! You are doing so good!! :D (no, this exam isn't common sense. don't trick yourself)

Question 27

What is the symplast path?

Answer 27

o Path through cytoplasm of cortex walls o Water crosses cell membranes using aquaporin o Moves cell to cell by plasmodesmata

Question 28

What is the apoplast route?

Answer 28

o Path goes between cortex cells o Water travels through porous cell walls o Casparian strips force this water through endodermis cells

Question 29

What are the 3 steps of mineral transport?

Answer 29

 Minerals transported through plant by xylem  Minerals exit xylem and enter into cells  Minerals enter cells using chemiosmosis

Question 30

What are the micronutrients? How many are there?

Answer 30

Cl Fe Mn Mo B Cu Zn Na There are 8

Question 31

What are the macronutrients? How many are there?

Answer 31

C H O N S P K Ca Mg There are 9

Question 32

What are the steps of phloem unloading?

Answer 32

o Sucrose is unloaded at the sink end of phloem o Both symplast & apoplast routes may be involved o Water potential lower outside of tube due to unloading of sugar o Osmotic loss of water releases hydrostatic pressure o Xylem vessels recycle water from sink to source

Question 33

What are the steps of phloem loading?

Answer 33

o Sucrose produce at source loaded into phloem tube o Sugars move from mesophyll to phloem by symplast & apoplast routes o Some species use active transport to pump sugar into phloem o Causes water to flow from xylem into phloem o Creates hydrostatic pressure at the source end of tube o This pushes sugars to sink end

Question 34

What hormone is produced in drought stress?

Answer 34

Abscisic acid (ABA)

Question 35

What is in phloem sap?

Answer 35

sucrose, minerals, amino acids, and hormones

Question 36

What are sinks?

Answer 36

Place where sugar is used or stored

Question 37

What are sources?

Answer 37

* Organ where the sugar is made * By PSN or breakdown of starch

Question 38

What are photosynthesis products?

Answer 38

Glucose, sucrose, and starch

Question 39

What is guttation?

Answer 39

(from chatGPT) Guttation is the process where water droplets are exuded from the tips or edges of a plant's leaves. It's not the same as dew

Question 40

What is bulk flow?

Answer 40

movement of fluid due to pressure gradient

Question 41

What are stomata?

Answer 41

gas exchange pores

Question 42

What is the stomata complex?

Answer 42

 Stomatal aperture  Stomate pore  Guard cells

Question 43

What are the functions of stomata?

Answer 43

 Make CO2 from atmosphere’  Release water vapor and oxygen gas into atmosphere  Reduce water losses during stress