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Botany > Chapter 8 - Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names of the 3 functions of flowers?

A

 Gametogenesis
 Fertilization
 Embryogenesis

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2
Q

FLOWERS:
Sex organs that produce eggs/sperm

A

Gametogenesis

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3
Q

FLOWERS:
Flower facilitates union of sex gametes

A

Fertilization

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4
Q

FLOWERS:
Ovary creates a shelter for developing embryo

A

Embryogenesis

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5
Q

What is the reproductive organ of modern plants?

A

Flowers

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6
Q

What type of ‘sperm are flowers?

A

Angiosperms

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7
Q

LATIN ROOT: flower

A

Anthos

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8
Q

LATIN ROOT: male

A

Andro

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9
Q

LATIN ROOT: female

A

Gyno

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10
Q

LATIN ROOT: house/habitat

A

Eco

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11
Q

FLOWERS:
What is the male organ?

A

stamen

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12
Q

FLOWERS:
What is the female organ?

A

Pistil

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13
Q

LATIN ROOT: Fruit

A

Carp

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14
Q

FLOWERS:
* NOT to be confused with petiole
* Stalk attaching flower to stem

A

Pedicel

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15
Q

FLOWERS:
* Thickened platform on pedicel
* Supports flower

A

Receptacle

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16
Q

FLOWERS:
* Outermost whorl of sepals
* Sepals cover flowers in the bud stage
* Sepals usually green, but can be showy

A

Calyx

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17
Q

FLOWERS:
* Inner whorl of petals
* Petals are thin, soft, and colorful

A

Corolla

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18
Q

MALE FLOWERS:
* Stalk like structure

A

Filament

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19
Q

MALE FLOWERS:
* Pollen producing organ

A

Anther

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20
Q

FLOWERS:
“male house”

A

Androecium

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21
Q

FLOWERS:
“female house”

A

Gynoecium

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22
Q

FLOWERS:
What is the female organ?

A

Pistil (made up of carpels)

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23
Q

FLOWERS:
What are carpels composed of?

A

o Stigma
o Style
o Ovary

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24
Q

FEMALE FLOWERS:
Sticky opening to catch pollen

A

Stigma

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25
FEMALE FLOWERS: Stalk holding up stigma
Style
26
FEMALE FLOWERS: * Egg producing chamber * Matures into fruit after fertilization
Ovary
27
How many "whorls"/"petals" do monocot flowers have?
Parts in 3s
28
How many "whorls"/"petals" do dicot flowers have?
Parts in 4s/5s
29
FLOWERS: What is completeness?
* Has 4 sets of parts * Calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium
30
FLOWERS: What is incompleteness?
* Lacks 1+ sets * Many flowers are incomplete
31
FLOWERS: What does perfect mean?
* Both male AND female organs
32
FLOWERS: What does imperfect mean?
* Lacks one of the sex organs
33
IMPERFECT FLOWER: What is male only called?
Staminate
34
IMPERFECT FLOWER: What is female only called?
Pistillate
35
FLOWERS: What is a superior ovary?
Attached to receptacle above other floral parts
36
FLOWERS: What does hypogynous mean
Superior ovary
37
FLOWERS: What is a half-superior/inferior ovary
Embedded in receptacle
38
FLOWERS: What does perigynous mean?
half-superior/inferior ovary
39
FLOWERS: What is an inferior ovary?
Attached to receptacle below other floral parts
40
FLOWERS: What does epigynous mean?
Inferior ovary
41
FLOWERS: What is determinate inflorescences?
* First flower blooms at stem tip * Flowering progresses back from tip
42
What are diurnal pollinators and when are they out?
Bees Butterflies Birds Out during the day
43
What are nocturnal pollinators and when are they out?
Bats Moths Out at night
44
What kinds of flowers do flies like?
Pale Dull color Putrid odor
45
What kinds of flowers do bees like?
White Yellow Blue
46
What kinds of flowers do birds like
Orange White Red Odorless
47
What kinds of flowers do bats like?
Musty odors
48
What kinds of flowers do butterflies like?
Bright red Bright purple Mild odor
49
What kind of 'sperm are fruits?
Angiosperm
50
What are protection methods for fruits?
 Provide barrier against externa environ  Aids seed development by providing moist setting  Prevent premature germination of seed  Some have defense against herbivory (toxins and thorns)
51
How do fruits spread their seeds?
They get an animal to eat them and their seeds get spread through their bodily waste
52
FRUITS:  Outermost layer  Forms tough outer skin
Exocarp
53
FRUITS:  Innermost layer directly surrounding seeds  Can be membranous
Endocarp
54
FRUITS:  Fleshy middle layer  Between exo and endocarp  Usually part of fruit that is eaten
mesocarp
55
What is the larger name of endo, exo, and mesocarp?
Pericarp
56
FLESHY FRUITS: * Fleshy with many seeds * Ex: cranberry or tomato
Berries
57
FLESHY FRUITS: * Fleshy with a hard pit * Ex: plum, peach, cherry, olive
Drupes
58
FLESHY FRUITS: * Modified berries with leathery rind * Ex: citrus fruits * Vitamin C and sour
Hesperidium
59
FLESHY FRUITS: * Fleshy with tough core holding seeds * Ex: apples and pears
Pome
60
FLESHY FRUITS * Modified berry with hard outer rind * Ex: watermelon, pumpkin, cucumber, squash
Pepo
61
What are the two types of dry fruit?
Indehiscent Dehiscent
62
Which (in)dehiscent opens at maturity?
Dehiscent
63
Which (in)dehiscent splits upon predetermined seams?
Dehiscent
64
Are fleshy fruits simple or compound?
simple
65
Are dry fruits simple or compound?
Simple
66
Are aggregate fruits simple or compound?
Compound
67
Are "multiple fruits" simple or compound?
Compound
68
COMPOUND FRUITS: * Cluster of small fruits * Derived from separate carpels of single flower * Ex: strawberry, raspberry
Aggregate fruits
69
COMPOUND FRUITS: * Cluster of several ripened ovaries * Derived from several different flowers * Ex: pineapple, mulberry, and horse apple
Multiple fruits
70
What are the 4 function of seeds?
Dormancy Dispersal Protection Nourishment
71
What are the 2 parts of a seed coat
Micropyle Hilium
72
What is the difference between a micropyle and a hilium?
The hilium is a scar The micropyle is a water hole
73
SEEDS: what is the embryonic root called?
Radicle
74
SEEDS: What is the embryonic shoor called?
Plumule
75
SEEDS: What are the not true seed leaves called?
Cotyledon
76
SEEDS: What do dicots use for food storage?
Cotyledons
77
SEEDS: What do monocots use for food storage
Endosperm
78
What are the 4 methods of speed dispersal?
o Wind o Water o Animal o Ballistic
79
SEED DISPERSAL: What type of dispersal has smaller and lighter seeds?
Wind
80
SEED DISPERSAL: What type of dispersal has seeds that are waterproof and have buoyant forms?
Water
81
SEED DISPERSAL: What type of dispersal has seeds that are used to be eaten, used for hiding, and/or hooked?
Animal
82
SEED DISPERSAL: What type of dispersal has seeds that explode as they dry in bunches?
Ballistic

Botany (7 decks)

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