Chapter 7 - Leaves

Question 1

What function:
o Harvest energy light
o Synthesize glucose from CO2 and H2O

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Question 2

What function:
o Release H2O from stomata
o Maintains root pressure & cools leaves

Answer 2

Transpiration

Question 3

What function:
o Stomates also regulate gases
o Input CO2 & export O2

Answer 3

Gas exchange

Question 4

What are these called:
o Some leaves modified for different functions
o Tendrils, bracts, succulents, spines, and flytraps

Answer 4

Specialized leaves

Question 5

LEAVES:
 May be long, short, or absent
 It’s the stock part

Answer 5

Petiole

Question 6

LEAVES:
 Outgrowths at petiole base

Answer 6

Stipules

Question 7

LEAVES:
 Aka lamina
 Main flattened part that you think of

Answer 7

Blade

Question 8

LEAVES:
* Part of the blade closest to the petiole

Answer 8

Base

Question 9

LEAVES:
* Part of blade farthest from petiole (tip)

Answer 9

Apex

Question 10

LEAVES:
* Leaf perimeter between the apex and base

Answer 10

Margin

Question 11

LEAVES
* Branching network of vascular tissue

Answer 11

Venation

Question 12

LEAVES
* Middle vein (continuous of the petiole)

Answer 12

Midrib

Question 13

 Leaf with a single blade

Answer 13

Simple leaf

Question 14

 Smaller leaflets. Its like a bunch of simple leaves on a stick/petiole
 Evolved for windy areas

Answer 14

Compound leaf

Question 15

LEAF SHAPES:
* Leaflets radiate from end of petiole

Answer 15

palmate

Question 16

LEAF SHAPES:
* Feather like (think mimosa tree)
* Leaflets arranged along midrib

Answer 16

Pinnate

Question 17

LEAF ATTACHMENT:
leaf base attached directly to stem

Answer 17

Sessile

Question 18

LEAF ATTACHMENT:
attached to stem by petiole

Answer 18

petiolate

Question 19

LEAF BLADE SHAPE:
smooth edge w/o teeth or lobes

Answer 19

entire

Question 20

LEAF BLADE SHAPE:
saw like edge around full leaf. Teeth vary in size and shape.

Answer 20

toothed/serrated

Question 21

LEAF BLADE SHAPE:
Margin undulates up & down. Not really lobes

Answer 21

Wavy

Question 22

How are the veins in monocots and dicots different?

Answer 22

Monocots are vertical whereas the dicots are wild

Question 23

arrangement of leaves at nodes

Answer 23

phyllotaxis

Question 24

o One leaf per node
o _______ on opposite sides up stem

Answer 24

Alternate

Question 25

two leaves per nide arranged on opposing side

Answer 25

Opposite

Question 26

three or more leaves at each node

Answer 26

Whorled

Question 27

LEAVES:  Aka bifacial leaf  _________ & _______-sides are different

Answer 27

Dorsiventral leaf

Question 28

LEAVES:  Aka equifacial leaf  Similar dorsal & ventral sides

Answer 28

Isobilateral leaf

Question 29

LEAF DICOTS: * Thick layer of cuticle * Lack chloroplasts * Stomata generally absent * Trichomes & glandular hairs possible * Function: protection and water conservation

Answer 29

Upper epidermis

Question 30

LEAF MONOCOTS:  Cuticle usually thicker on upper side  Equifacial is similar top and bottom  Stomata on both sides & arranged in rows  Bulliform

Answer 30

leaf tissue - epidermis

Question 31

LEAF MONOCOTS: What is Bulliform?

Answer 31

 Bulliform cells are bubble shaped cells * On upper side of lead near midriff * BC open & close leaf depending on H2O

Question 32

LEAF MONOCOTS:  Not stratified  Layer of loose oval collenchyma cells  Not stratified into palisade & spongy  Air gaps smaller than dicot

Answer 32

Leaf tissue - mesophyll

Question 33

LEAF MONOCOTS:  Many bundles arranged in parallel series  Central bundle usually largest in size  Bundles are conjoint, collateral, and closed  Xylem on top, phloem on bottom

Answer 33

Leaf tissue - vascular tissue

Question 34

In leaves, which 'cot has stomata on the lower surface ONLY?

Answer 34

Dicot

Question 35

In leaves, which 'cot has stomata on the lower surface AND upper surface?

Answer 35

Monocot

Question 36

In leaves, which 'cot has stomata in rows?

Answer 36

Monocot

Question 37

In leaves, which 'cot has stomata in a random arrangement

Answer 37

Dicot

Question 38

In leaves, which 'cot has Bulliform?

Answer 38

Monocot

Question 39

In leaves, which 'cot has a differentiated mesophyll?

Answer 39

Dicot

Question 40

In leaves, which 'cot has an undifferentiated mesophyll?

Answer 40

Monocot

Question 41

In leaves, which 'cot has smaller air spaces?

Answer 41

Monocot

Question 42

In leaves, which 'cot has a larger air space?

Answer 42

Dicot

Question 43

In leaves, which 'cot has reticulated venation?

Answer 43

Dicot

Question 44

In leaves, which 'cot has parallel venation?

Answer 44

Monocot

Question 45

What does a palmate leaf look like?

Answer 45

A palm tree or poison oak. It is a bunch of leaves at the top of a stem like an umbrella

Question 46

What does a petiolate leaf look like?

Answer 46

One leaf

Question 47

What do pinnate look like?

Answer 47

A bunch of smooth leaflets

Question 48

LEAF SHAPES/TYPES:  X is smaller (less surface area) & thicker, cuticle thicker  Y is large & thin, cuticle thinner

Answer 48

Sun (x) and Shade (Y) leaves

Question 49

LEAF SHAPES/TYPES:  Dry adapted plant  Leaves smaller & thicker to save water  Thick cuticle & recessed stomata

Answer 49

Xerophytic leaves

Question 50

LEAF SHAPES/TYPES:  Thin epidermis & lacks cuticle  Requires less vascular tissue  Absorb water & nutrients through epi by diffusion  Air space provides buoyancy

Answer 50

Hydrophytic leaves

Question 51

What are the main 6 types of modified leaves?

Answer 51

~Tendrils (support and climbing) ~Bud scales (protect buds) ~Succulent (water conserving) ~Spines ~Floral bracts (poinsettia) ~Insect traps

Question 52

What are the 2 reasons that plants lose their leaves

Answer 52

Cold and/or dry weather

Question 53

What is leaf abscission?

Answer 53

"leaf drop"

Question 54

When leaves go through abscission, where do they separate?

Answer 54

The base of the petiole

Question 55

Where is the abscission zone?

Answer 55

The base of the petiole

Question 56

What are the 3 steps of abscission?

Answer 56

Resorption Protective layer formation Detachment

Question 57

LEAF FUNCTIONS: * Chlorophyll broken down * Some nutrients resorbed into plant

Answer 57

Resorption

Question 58

LEAF FUNCTIONS: * Cork layers form above & below the separation layer * Protects stem after leaf fall

Answer 58

Protective layer formation

Question 59

LEAF FUNCTION: * Cells in separation layer secrete digestive enzyme * Break up cells between protective layers * Causes detachment of leaf

Answer 59

Detachment

Question 60

LEAF ADAPTATIONS:  Slender twining appendage  Used for support in climbing vines

Answer 60

Tendrils

Question 61

LEAF ADAPTATIONS:  External covering of bud  Protects against cold & desiccation

Answer 61

Bud scales

Question 62

LEAF ADAPTATIONS:  NOT THORNS (those are stems)  Rigid extensions with sharp ends  They slow down air movement for water conservation  Potentially radiates heat out  Herbivory defense  Collects water by allowing it to drip

Answer 62

Spines

Question 63

LEAF ADAPTATIONS:  Succulents use thick, fleshy leaves to store water  Adaptation for arid environs

Answer 63

Water conservation

Question 64

LEAF ADAPTATIONS:  Create chambers or snares for catching insects  Used by carnivorous plants

Answer 64

Insect tracts

Question 65

LEAF ADAPTATIONS:  Colorful, petal-like parts of petals  Attract pollinators

Answer 65

Floral bracts

Question 66

What do the lobes of a simple leaf like?

Answer 66

 Unlobed (the smooth wavy ones are lobed. The gaps between lobes are sinuses)  Lobed (blade with distinct protrusions)  Dissected/parted (blade deeply cut into partitions)