Chapter 9 Vocabulary Flashcards
Cell Cycle
Process of cellular reproduction occurring in three stages— interphase (growth), mitosis (nuclear division), and cytokinesis ( cytoplasm division)
Interphase
First stage of cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA
Mitosis
Second main stage of cell cycle where cells replicated DNA divides and two genetically identical diploid daughter cells are produced
Cytokinesis
Third stage of cell cycle, cell’s cytoplasm divides, making a new cell
Chromosome
DNA-containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to another
Chromatin
Relaxed form of DNA in the nucleus of the cell
Prophase
First stage of mitosis, during which the cell’s chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Sister chromatid
Structure that contains identical DNA copies and is formed during DNA replication
Centromere
Cell structure that joins two sister chromatids
Spindle Apparatus
Structure made of spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers that is involved in moving and organizing chromosomes before the cell divides
Metaphase
Second stage of mitosis in which proteins pull sister chromatids to the cell’s equator
Anaphase
Third stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled apart and microtubules, along with motor proteins, move the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell
Telophase
Last stage of mitosis in which nucleoli reappear. Two new nuclear membranes begin to form , but the cell has not yet completely divided
Cyclin
One of the specific proteins that regulate the cell cycle
Cyclin-dependent kinase
Enzyme to which cyclin binds during interphase and mitosis, triggering and controlling activities during the cell cycle