Chapter 9 Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell Cycle

A

Process of cellular reproduction occurring in three stages— interphase (growth), mitosis (nuclear division), and cytokinesis ( cytoplasm division)

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2
Q

Interphase

A

First stage of cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA

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3
Q

Mitosis

A

Second main stage of cell cycle where cells replicated DNA divides and two genetically identical diploid daughter cells are produced

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4
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Third stage of cell cycle, cell’s cytoplasm divides, making a new cell

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5
Q

Chromosome

A

DNA-containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to another

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6
Q

Chromatin

A

Relaxed form of DNA in the nucleus of the cell

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7
Q

Prophase

A

First stage of mitosis, during which the cell’s chromatin condenses into chromosomes

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8
Q

Sister chromatid

A

Structure that contains identical DNA copies and is formed during DNA replication

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9
Q

Centromere

A

Cell structure that joins two sister chromatids

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10
Q

Spindle Apparatus

A

Structure made of spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers that is involved in moving and organizing chromosomes before the cell divides

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11
Q

Metaphase

A

Second stage of mitosis in which proteins pull sister chromatids to the cell’s equator

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12
Q

Anaphase

A

Third stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled apart and microtubules, along with motor proteins, move the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell

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13
Q

Telophase

A

Last stage of mitosis in which nucleoli reappear. Two new nuclear membranes begin to form , but the cell has not yet completely divided

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14
Q

Cyclin

A

One of the specific proteins that regulate the cell cycle

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15
Q

Cyclin-dependent kinase

A

Enzyme to which cyclin binds during interphase and mitosis, triggering and controlling activities during the cell cycle

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16
Q

Cancer

A

Uncontrolled growth and division of cells that can be caused by changes in control of the cell cycle and also may be caused by environmental changes

17
Q

Carcinogen

A

Cancer-causing substance

18
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

19
Q

Stem cell

A

Unspecialized cell that can develop into a specialized cell under the right conditions