Chapter 7 Vocabulary Flashcards
Cell
The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
Cell theory 1
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
Cell theory 2
Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms
Cell theory 3
Cells arise only from previously existing cells, with cels passing copies of their genetic material on to their daughter cells
Plasma membrane
A special boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell
Organelles
Specialized structures that carry out specific cell functions
Eukaryotic cells
Contain nucleus
Prokaryotic cells
Have no nucleus
Nucleus
Distinct central organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA
Selective Permeability
A member and allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out
Phospholipid Bilayer
Two layers of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail in which the plasma membrane is composed of
Transport Proteins
Move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane
Fluid Mosaic Model
A plasma membrane with substances that can move around within the membrane
Cytoplasm
The environment inside the plasma membrane that is a semi fluid material
Cytoskeleton
A supporting network of long, thin protein fibers that form a framework for the cell and provide an anchor for the organelles inside the cells
Ribosomes
The organelles that help manufacture proteins
Nucleolus
Site if ribosome production within the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that serves as a site for protein and lipid synthesis
Golgi apparatus
Flattened stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles
Vacuole
A sac used to store food, enzymes, and other materials needed by a cell
Lysosomes
Vesicles that contains substances that digest excess or worn-out organelles and food particles
Centrioles
Organelles made of microtubules that function during cell division
Mitochondria
Convert due particles into usable energy
Chloroplast
Organelles that capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis
Cell Wall
A thick, rigid, mesh of fibers that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, protects the cell, and gives it support
Cilia
Short, numerous projections that look like hairs; rowboat motion
Flagella
Longer and less numerous than cilia; whiplike motion
Diffusion
The net movement of particles from an area where there are many particles of the substance to an area where there are fewer particles of the substance
Dynamic Equilibrium
Condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall change
Facilitated Diffusion
Uses transport proteins to move other ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Isotonic Solution
When a cell is in a solution that has the same concentration of water and solutes as it’s cytoplasm
Hypotonic Solution
A cell in a solution that has a lower concentration of solute
Hypertonic Solution
The concentration of the solute outside of the cell is higher than it is inside
Active Transport
Movement of substances across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient
Endocytosis
Process by which a cell surrounds a substance in the outside environment, enclosing the substance in a portion of the plasma membrane
