Chapter 7 Vocabulary

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms

Question 2

Cell theory 1

Answer 2

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells

Question 3

Cell theory 2

Answer 3

Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms

Question 4

Cell theory 3

Answer 4

Cells arise only from previously existing cells, with cels passing copies of their genetic material on to their daughter cells

Question 5

Plasma membrane

Answer 5

A special boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell

Question 6

Organelles

Answer 6

Specialized structures that carry out specific cell functions

Question 7

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 7

Contain nucleus

Question 8

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 8

Have no nucleus

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Distinct central organelle that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

Question 10

Selective Permeability

Answer 10

A member and allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out

Question 11

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 11

Two layers of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail in which the plasma membrane is composed of

Question 12

Transport Proteins

Answer 12

Move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane

Question 13

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 13

A plasma membrane with substances that can move around within the membrane

Question 14

Cytoplasm

Answer 14

The environment inside the plasma membrane that is a semi fluid material

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

A supporting network of long, thin protein fibers that form a framework for the cell and provide an anchor for the organelles inside the cells

Question 16

Ribosomes

Answer 16

The organelles that help manufacture proteins

Question 17

Nucleolus

Answer 17

Site if ribosome production within the nucleus

Question 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 18

Membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that serves as a site for protein and lipid synthesis

Question 19

Golgi apparatus

Answer 19

Flattened stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles

Question 20

Vacuole

Answer 20

A sac used to store food, enzymes, and other materials needed by a cell

Question 21

Lysosomes

Answer 21

Vesicles that contains substances that digest excess or worn-out organelles and food particles

Question 22

Centrioles

Answer 22

Organelles made of microtubules that function during cell division

Question 23

Mitochondria

Answer 23

Convert due particles into usable energy

Question 24

Chloroplast

Answer 24

Organelles that capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis

Question 25

Cell Wall

Answer 25

A thick, rigid, mesh of fibers that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, protects the cell, and gives it support

Question 26

Cilia

Answer 26

Short, numerous projections that look like hairs; rowboat motion

Question 27

Flagella

Answer 27

Longer and less numerous than cilia; whiplike motion

Question 28

Diffusion

Answer 28

The net movement of particles from an area where there are many particles of the substance to an area where there are fewer particles of the substance

Question 29

Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 29

Condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall change

Question 30

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 30

Uses transport proteins to move other ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane

Question 31

Osmosis

Answer 31

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 32

Isotonic Solution

Answer 32

When a cell is in a solution that has the same concentration of water and solutes as it’s cytoplasm

Question 33

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 33

A cell in a solution that has a lower concentration of solute

Question 34

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 34

The concentration of the solute outside of the cell is higher than it is inside

Question 35

Active Transport

Answer 35

Movement of substances across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient

Question 36

Endocytosis

Answer 36

Process by which a cell surrounds a substance in the outside environment, enclosing the substance in a portion of the plasma membrane