Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

The building blocks of matter

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Neutrons and protons located at the center of the atom

Question 3

Protons

Answer 3

Positively charged particles

Question 4

Neutrons

Answer 4

Particles with no charge

Question 5

Electrons

Answer 5

Negatively charged particles

Question 6

Element

Answer 6

Pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means

Question 7

Isotopes

Answer 7

Atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons

Question 8

Compound

Answer 8

A pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine

Question 9

Covalent Bond

Answer 9

The chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared

Question 10

Molecule

Answer 10

A compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds

Question 11

Ion

Answer 11

An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons, and carries an electric charge

Question 12

Ionic Bond

Answer 12

An electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms called ions

Question 13

Van Der Waals Forces

Answer 13

Attractive forces between molecules

Question 14

Chemical Reaction

Answer 14

The process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances

Question 15

Reactant

Answer 15

Substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on left side of equation

Question 16

Product

Answer 16

The substances formed during a chemical reaction; located on right side of the equation

Question 17

Enzymes

Answer 17

The biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes

Question 18

Substrate

Answer 18

The reactants that bind to the enzyme

Question 19

Active site

Answer 19

The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme

Question 20

Polar Molecules

Answer 20

Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges

Question 21

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 21

A weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom

Question 22

Mixture

Answer 22

A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristics and properties

Question 23

Solution

Answer 23

A homogeneous mixture / When a mixture has uniform composition throughout

Question 24

Solvent

Answer 24

A substance in which another substance is dissolved

Question 25

Solute

Answer 25

The substance that is dissolved in the solvent

Question 26

Acids

Answer 26

Substances that release hydrogen ions when they are dissolved in water

Question 27

Bases

Answer 27

Substances that release hydroxide ions when they are dissolved in water

Question 28

pH

Answer 28

The measure of concentration of H+ in a solution

Question 29

Buffers

Answer 29

Mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range

Question 30

Macromolecules

Answer 30

Large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together

Question 31

Polymers

Answer 31

Molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds called monomers that are linked together by a series of covalent bonds

Question 32

Carbohydrates

Answer 32

Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom

Question 33

Lipids

Answer 33

Molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen that make up the fats, oils, and waxes

Question 34

Protein

Answer 34

Compound made of small carbon compounds called amino acids

Question 35

Amino Acids

Answer 35

Small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur

Question 36

Nucleus Acids

Answer 36

Complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information

Question 37

Nucleotides

Answer 37

Smaller repeating subunits composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms that make up nucleic acids