Chapter 8 Vocabulary Flashcards
Energy
The ability to do work
Thermodynamics
The study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe
Metabolism
All of the chemical reactions in a cell
Photosynthesis
The anabolic pathway in which light energy from the Sun is converted into chemical energy for use by the cell
Cellular Respiration
The catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for cell use
Adenosine triphosphate
The most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy
Thylakoids
Flattened, saclike membranes that are arranged in stacks; where light-dependent reactions take place
Grana
The stacks in Thylakoids
Stroma
The fluid-filled space outside the Grana
Pigments
Light-absorbing molecules found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts
NADP+
Molecules that transport electrons during photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle
Second phase of photosynthesis where energy is stored in organic molecules such as glucose; light-independent reaction
Rubisco
Enzyme that converts inorganic carbon dioxide molecules into organic molecules during the final step of the Calvin cycle
Anaerobic process
Metabolic process that does not require oxygen
Aerobic process
A metabolic process that requires oxygen
Aerobic respiration
Metabolic process in which pyruvate is broken down and electron-carrier molecules are used to produce ATP through electron transport
Glycolysis
Process where glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm
Krebs cycle
The series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide
Fermentation
Process in which NAD+ is regenerated, allowing cells to maintain glycolysis in the absence of oxygen
