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Linguistics > Chapter 9 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Psycholinguistics

A

The study of the acquisition, storage, comprehension, and production of language.

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2
Q

Neurolinguistics

A

The study of the neural and electrochemical bases of language development and use

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3
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

coordinates the left side of the body, and performs tasks that have do with creativity and the arts.

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4
Q

Left hemisphere

A

responsible for controlling the right side of the body. It also performs tasks that have to do with logic, such as in science and mathematics.

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5
Q

temporal lobe

A

Associated with the perception and recognition of auditory stimulat

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6
Q

frontal lobe

A

Concerned with higher thinking and language production

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7
Q

pariteal lobe

A

least involved in language perception and production.

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8
Q

occipital lobe

A

associated with many aspects of vision

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9
Q

corpus callosum

A

main pathway between the two hemispheres, making it possible for the two hemispheres to communicate with each other and build a single, coherent picture of our environment from the many different kinds of stimuli.

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10
Q

cortex

A

a membrane that is one quarter inch thick covering the brain

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11
Q

language centers

A

parts of the cortex of the brain that are used in the production and comprehension of language

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12
Q

gyrus

A

protrusion in the cortex of the brain’s hemispheres that serves as a physical landmark for the identification of different sections of the brain.

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13
Q

fissures

A

depression in the cortex of the brain’s hemispheres that serves as a physical boundary for the identification of different sections the brain

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14
Q

Sylvian fissure

A

a large horizontal fold located in the middle of each hemisphere of the brain that separates the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe of the brain

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15
Q

Superior temporal gyrus

A

upper portion of the temporal lobe

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16
Q

auditory cortex

A

language center of the brain located in the superior temporal gyrus next to the sylvan fissure

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17
Q

middle temporal gyri

A

middle portion of the temporal lobe

18
Q

inferior temporal gyri

A

lower portion of the temporal lobe, the left ITG is involved in processing word meaning

19
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

older term for the sylvian parietotemporal area and posterior parts of the superior temporal gyrus

20
Q

inferior frontal gyrus

A

lower portion of the frontal lobe

21
Q

Broca’s area

A

region of the brain that contains neurons involved in speech function

22
Q

motor cortex

A

posterior portion of the frontal lobe

23
Q

Angular gyrus

A

language center of the brain located between the SPT and the posterior parters of the STG

24
Q

arcuate fasciculus

A

a bundle of nerve fibers in the brain connecting SPT with the IFG

25
Q

visual cortex

A

area of the brain located in the posterior occipital lobe of each hemisphere

26
Q

contralateral

A

property of the brain such that one side of the body is controlled by the opposite hemisphere of the brain

27
Q

dichotic listening task

A

experiment that presents two different sounds simultaneously, one in each ear

28
Q

ventral pathway

A

connects the SPT with the ITG via the extreme capsule

29
Q

lateralization

A

specialization of the brain hemispheres for different cognitive functions.

30
Q

Hemispherectomy

A

an operation in which one hemisphere or part of one is surgically removed from the brain

31
Q

Neural plasticity

A

the ability of the brain to adapt to damage in one region by reassigning processing functions to another region

32
Q

Globally ambiguous

A

ambiguity is not resolved by the end of the utterance

33
Q

heuristic model

A

we have certain rules of thumb that we rely on whenever possible in sentence processing

34
Q

constraint based models

A

allow non syntactic factors like sentence context and real-world knowledge to influence our choices about syntactic structure.

35
Q

categorial perception

A

occurs when equal-sized physical differences are not equal-sized psychologically

36
Q

anticipations

A

occur when a later unit substituted for an earlier unit for when a later unit is added earlier in an utterance

37
Q

perseverations

A

can be seen as the opposite of the anticipations

38
Q

methathesis

A

the switching of two units each taking the place of the other

39
Q

spoonerism

A

an error in speech or deliberate play on words in which corresponding consonants, vowels, or morphemes are switched between two words in a phrase

40
Q

shifts

A

occur when a unit is moved from one location to another

Linguistics (7 decks)

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