Chapter 4 Vocabulary Flashcards
affix
Bound morpheme that attaches to a stem
affixation
Process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes.
agglutinating language
Morphemes are joined together relatively “loosely” so it is easier to determine where the boundaries between morphemes are.
allomorph
A set of nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar.
alternation
The morphological process that uses morpheme-internal modification tomato new words or morphological distinctions.
ambiguity
The phenomenon by which a single linguistic form that can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression. The form that is shared by more than one expression is said to be ambiguous.
analytic language
Type of language in which most words consists of one morpheme and sentences are compose of sequences of these free morphemes.
bound morpheme
Morphemes that always attaches to other morphemes, never existing as a word itself.
bound root
Morpheme that has some associated basic meaning but that is unable to stand alone as a word in its own right.
closed lexical category
Lexical category in which members are fairly rigidly established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time.
compounding
Process of forming words by combining two ore more independent words.
conjunction
A lexical category that consists of function words such as and, but, however, etc.
content morpheme
Morphemes that carries semantic content
content word
A word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs.
derivation
A morphological process that changes in a word’s lexical category or its meaning in some predictable way
determiner
The name of a lexical category and syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc.
form
The structure or shape of any particular linguistic item, from individual segments to strings of words.
free morpheme
A morpheme that can stand alone as a word.
function morpheme
Morpheme that provides information about the grammatical relationships between words in a sentence.
function word
A word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase.
hierarchical structure
The dominance relationship among morphemes in a word or among constituents in a phrase
homophony
The phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form
incorporation
Morphological process by which several distinct semantic comments are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language
infix
A type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem
inflection
A morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information, such as person, number, tense, gender, etc.
input
The linguistic form before the application of a rule of a set of rules
lexical category
Class of words grouped together based on morphological properties
lexicon
A mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form and meaning and their morphological and syntactic properties.
morpheme
Smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function.
morphology
The study of how words are constructed of morphemes.
open lexical category
Lexical category into which new members are often introduced.
output
The linguistic form obtained after an application of a rule or a set of rules.
partial reduplication
Morphological reduplication in which only part of a morpheme is reduplicated.
polysynthetic language
A type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships.
prefix
Affix that attaches to the beginning of a stem
preposition
The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with, etc.
productive
Describes a morpheme or rule that can be used to produce novel grammatical forms.
pronoun
The name of a lexical category that consists of words such as I, she, us, etc
reduplicant
The morpheme or part of a morpheme that is repeated on reduplication.
reduplication
Process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word or part of a word
root
The free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to the word, and to which affixes can attach.
simultaneous affix
An affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem; exists only in visual gestural languages
stem
The base, consisting of one or more morphemes to which some affix is added.
suffix
Affix that attaches to the end of a stem
suppletion
A morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other.
