Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

Subfield of linguistics that studies meaning in linguistics.

Question 2

Lexical

Answer 2

A subfield of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions.

Question 3

Compositional

Answer 3

A subfield of semantics that studies the meanings of phrasal expressions and how those meanings arise given the meanings of the lexical expressions they contain and how they are syntactically combined.

Question 4

Referents

Answer 4

an actual entity of an individual in the world to which some expression refers

Question 5

Mental Image

Answer 5

A conception of a word’s sense as a picture in the mind of the language use that represents its meaning.

Question 6

Prototype

Answer 6

For any given set, a center that exhibits the typical qualities of the members of that set.

Question 7

Hyponymy

Answer 7

A meaning relationship between words where the reference of some word x is included in the reference of some other word y. x is then said to be a hypogeum of y and conversely y is said to be a hypernym of x

Question 8

Hypernym

Answer 8

A word with a broad meaning that more specific words fall under

Question 9

Sister Terms

Answer 9

words that, in terms of their reference, are at the same level in the hierarchy

Question 10

Synonymy

Answer 10

A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same

Question 11

Idioms

Answer 11

A multi-word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional.

Question 12

Intersective adjectives

Answer 12

an adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.

Question 13

Proposition

Answer 13

The sense expressed by a sentence. characteristically, propositions can be true or false, have truth values.

Question 14

Mutual entailment

Answer 14

The relationship between two propositions where the entail one another.

Question 15

Truth value

Answer 15

Either true or false

Question 16

Truth conditions

Answer 16

the set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true.

Question 17

Non-intersection

Answer 17

An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it movies refers to but that doe not in and of itself refer to any particular set of things.

Question 18

Relative intersection

Answer 18

type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference.

Question 19

Reserveres

Answer 19

Antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that “undoes” the moment suggested by the other.

Question 20

Subsective adjectives

Answer 20

an adjective whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun it modifies refers to.