Chapter 3 Vocabulary

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The study of how sounds are organized within a language and how they interact with each other

Question 2

Phonetic Inventories

Answer 2

The sounds that are produced as part of the language and suprasegmental features.

Question 3

Sound substitution

Answer 3

speakers use sounds of their native language to replace non-native sounds when pronouncing the words of a foreign language

Question 4

Allophone

Answer 4

A particular phoneme set that corresponds to an actual phonetic segment produced by a speaker

Question 5

Contrastive distribution

Answer 5

A case in which the two sounds occur in the same phonetic environment and using one rather than the other change the meaning of the word.

Question 6

Obstruents

Answer 6

Produced with an obstruction of the airflow

Question 7

Sonorants

Answer 7

Segments produced with a relatively open passage for the airflow.

Question 8

Nasal Place Assimilation

Answer 8

An alveolar nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of a following consonant.

Question 9

Palatalization

Answer 9

Refers to a special type of assimilation in which a consonant becomes like a neighboring palatal.

Question 10

Vowel Harmony

Answer 10

A back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word.

Question 11

Dissimilation

Answer 11

Causes two close or adjacent sounds to become less similar with respect to come property, by means of a change in one or both sounds.

Question 12

Manner dissimilation

Answer 12

A stop becomes a fricative when followed by another stop.

Question 13

Aspiration

Answer 13

Voiceless stops become aspirated when they occur at the beginning of a stressed syllable.

Question 14

Maximally distinct

Answer 14

Consonants have very few qualities in common with the vowel and the vowels are very different from the consonants.

Question 15

Environment

Answer 15

Sounds that immediately precede and follow it within a word.

Question 16

Implicational law

Answer 16

The presence of the less common sound implies that the more common sound will also be used in the language.

Question 17

Flapping

Answer 17

An alveolar stop is realized as when it occurs after a stressed vowel and before an unstressed vowel.

Question 18

Weakening

Answer 18

Causes sounds to become weaker

Question 19

Deletion

Answer 19

May be deleted in unstressed syllables

Question 20

Insertion

Answer 20

Causes a segment not present at the phonemic level to be added to the phonetic form of a word.

Question 21

Metathesis

Answer 21

Rules of metathesis change the order of sounds. Sounds metathesize in order to make words easier to pronounce or easier to understand.

Question 22

CV Metathesis

Answer 22

When three consecutive consonants occur, the first consonants trade places with the preceding vowel.

Question 23

Natural Class

Answer 23

A group of sounds in a language that share one or more articulatory or auditory property.

Question 24

Phonemes

Answer 24

That sound is contrastive relative to other sounds in the language.

Question 25

Phonotactic Contraints

Answer 25

Restrictions on posible combinations of sounds.