Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards
Phonology
The study of how sounds are organized within a language and how they interact with each other
Phonetic Inventories
The sounds that are produced as part of the language and suprasegmental features.
Sound substitution
speakers use sounds of their native language to replace non-native sounds when pronouncing the words of a foreign language
Allophone
A particular phoneme set that corresponds to an actual phonetic segment produced by a speaker
Contrastive distribution
A case in which the two sounds occur in the same phonetic environment and using one rather than the other change the meaning of the word.
Obstruents
Produced with an obstruction of the airflow
Sonorants
Segments produced with a relatively open passage for the airflow.
Nasal Place Assimilation
An alveolar nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of a following consonant.
Palatalization
Refers to a special type of assimilation in which a consonant becomes like a neighboring palatal.
Vowel Harmony
A back vowel becomes front when preceded by a front vowel in the same word.
Dissimilation
Causes two close or adjacent sounds to become less similar with respect to come property, by means of a change in one or both sounds.
Manner dissimilation
A stop becomes a fricative when followed by another stop.
Aspiration
Voiceless stops become aspirated when they occur at the beginning of a stressed syllable.
Maximally distinct
Consonants have very few qualities in common with the vowel and the vowels are very different from the consonants.
Environment
Sounds that immediately precede and follow it within a word.
Implicational law
The presence of the less common sound implies that the more common sound will also be used in the language.
Flapping
An alveolar stop is realized as when it occurs after a stressed vowel and before an unstressed vowel.
Weakening
Causes sounds to become weaker
Deletion
May be deleted in unstressed syllables
Insertion
Causes a segment not present at the phonemic level to be added to the phonetic form of a word.
Metathesis
Rules of metathesis change the order of sounds. Sounds metathesize in order to make words easier to pronounce or easier to understand.
CV Metathesis
When three consecutive consonants occur, the first consonants trade places with the preceding vowel.
Natural Class
A group of sounds in a language that share one or more articulatory or auditory property.
Phonemes
That sound is contrastive relative to other sounds in the language.
Phonotactic Contraints
Restrictions on posible combinations of sounds.
