Chapter 9 Urinary System- Pathology

Question 1

Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of urinary system. Urologist

Answer 1

Urology

Question 2

Complete suppression of urine formed by kidneys and a complete lack of urine excretion

Answer 2

Anuria

Question 3

Accumulation of nitrogenous waste in bloodstream. Occurs when kidney fails to filter these wastes from blood

Answer 3

Azotemia

Question 4

Presence of bacteria in the urine

Answer 4

Bacteriuria

Question 5

Stone formed within an organ by an accumulation of mineral salts. Caculi

Answer 5

Calculus

Question 6

Urinary bladder pain

Answer 6

Cystalgia

Question 7

Bladder stone

Answer 7

Cystolith

Question 8

Profuse bleeding from urinary bladder

Answer 8

Cystorrhagia

Question 9

Increased formation and exertion of urine

Answer 9

Diuresis

Question 10

Difficult of painful urination

Answer 10

Dysuria

Question 11

Involuntary discharge of urine after the age by which bladder control should have been established. Usually occurs at the age of 5. Nocturnal enuresis refers to bed-wetting at night

Answer 11

Enuresis

Question 12

Greater than normal occurrence in the urge to urinate, w/o an increase in the total daily volume of urine.

Answer 12

Frequency

Question 13

Presence of sugar in urine

Answer 13

Glycosuria

Question 14

Presence of blood in urine

Answer 14

Hematuria

Question 15

Decrease in the force of urine in stream, often with difficulty initiating the flow. Often a symptom of a blockage along urethra, such as an enlarged prostate gland

Answer 15

Hesitancy

Question 16

Presence of ketones in urine. Occurs when body burns fat instead of glucose for energy, such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

Answer 16

Ketonuria

Question 17

Kidney stone

Answer 17

Nephrolith

Question 18

Kidney is enlarged

Answer 18

Nephromegaly

Question 19

Kidney is abnormally soft

Answer 19

Nephromalacia

Question 20

Kidney tissue has become hardened

Answer 20

Nephrosclerosis

Question 21

Having to urinate frequently during the night

Answer 21

Nocturia

Question 22

Producing too little urine

Answer 22

Oliguria

Question 23

Producing an unusually large volume of urine

Answer 23

Polyuria

Question 24

Presence of urine in urine

Answer 24

Proteinuria

Question 25

Presence of pus in urine

Answer 25

Pyuria

Question 26

Pain caused by kidney stone.

Answer 26

Renal colic

Question 27

Narrowing of a passageway in the urinary system

Answer 27

Stricture

Question 28

Accumulation of waste products in bloodstream. Associated with renal failure

Answer 28

Uremia

Question 29

Ureter is stretched out or dilated

Answer 29

Ureterectasis

Question 30

Stone in ureter

Answer 30

Ureterlith

Question 31

Ureter has become narrow

Answer 31

Ureterostenosis

Question 32

Urethral pain

Answer 32

Urethralgia

Question 33

Profuse bleeding from urethra

Answer 33

Urethrorrhagia

Question 34

Urethra has become narrow

Answer 34

Urethrostenosis

Question 35

Feeling to urinate immediately

Answer 35

Urgency

Question 36

Involuntary release of urine.

Answer 36

Urinary incontinence

Question 37

Inability to fully empty the bladder, often indicates a blockage in the urethra

Answer 37

Urinary retention

Question 38

Damage to renal tubules due to presence of toxins in urine of to ischemia. Results in oliguria

Answer 38

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

Question 39

Accumulation of damage to the glomerulus capillaries due to chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus

Answer 39

Diabetic nephropathy

Question 40

Inflammation of kidney (primarily of glomerulus). Results in proteinuria and hematuria

Answer 40

Glomerulonephritis

Question 41

Distention of renal pelvis due to urine collecting in kidney; often a result of obstruction of a ureter

Answer 41

Hydronephrosis

Question 42

Kidney inflammation

Answer 42

Nephritis

Question 43

Presence of calculi in kidney.

Answer 43

Nephrolithiasis

Question 44

Kidney tumor

Answer 44

Nephroma

Question 45

General term describing presence of kidney disease

Answer 45

Nephropathy

Question 46

Downward placement of kidney out of its normal location; commonly called floating kidney

Answer 46

Neophroptosis

Question 47

Damage to glomerulus resulting in protein appearing in urine, proteinuria, and corresponding decrease in protein in the bloodstream. Nephrosis

Answer 47

Nephrotic syndrome (NS)

Question 48

Formation of multiple cysts within kidney tissue.

Answer 48

Polycystic kidneys

Question 49

Renal pelvis inflammation

Answer 49

Pyelonephritis

Question 50

Cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells

Answer 50

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 51

Inflammation of renal pelvis and the kidney. One of most common kidney disease. May be result of urinary tract infection that moved up to kidney by way of ureters.

Answer 51

Pyelonephritis

Question 52

Inability of kidneys to filter wastes from blood resulting in uremia.

Answer 52

Renal failure

Question 53

Malignant kidney found most often in children

Answer 53

Wilm's tumor (VILMZ)

Question 54

Cancerous tumor that arises from the cells lining the bladder; major sign of hematuria

Answer 54

Bladder cancer

Question 55

Blockage of the bladder outlet. Often caused by enlarged prostate gland in males

Answer 55

Bladder neck obstruction (BNO)

Question 56

Urinary bladder inflammation

Answer 56

Cystitis

Question 57

Hernia or protrusion of urinary bladder into the wall of vagina

Answer 57

Cystocele

Question 58

Disease of unknown cause in which there is inflammation and irritation of the bladder. Most commonly seen in middle-aged women

Answer 58

Interstitial cystitis

Question 59

Loss if nervous control that leads up to retention; may be caused by spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis

Answer 59

Neurogenic bladder

Question 60

Infection, usually from bacteria, of any organ of urinary system. Most often begins with cystitis and may ascend into ureters and kidneys. Most common in women

Answer 60

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Question 61

Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the kidney. Nephrologist

Answer 61

Nephrology