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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 8- Digestive System- Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Digestive System- Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Gastroenterology

A

Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the digestive system

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2
Q

Oral surgery

A

Branch of dentistry that uses surgical means to treat dental conditions

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3
Q

Orthodontics

A

Branch of dentistry concerned with correction of problems with tooth alignment. Orthodontist

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4
Q

Periodontics

A

Branch of dentistry concerned with treating conditions involving the gums and tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontist

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5
Q

Proctology

A

Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the anus and rectum. Proctologist

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6
Q

Anorexia

A

General term meaning loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions.

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7
Q

Aphagia

A

Unable to eat or swallow

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8
Q

Ascites

A

Collection or accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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9
Q

Bradypepsia

A

Having a slow digestive system

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10
Q

Cachexia

A

Loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during a chronic disease

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11
Q

Cholecystalgia

A

Having gallbladder pain

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12
Q

Constipation

A

Experiencing difficulty in defecation or infrequent defecation

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13
Q

Dentalgia

A

Tooth pain

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14
Q

Dentistry

A

Branch of healthcare involved with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions involving teeth, jaw, and mouth

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15
Q

Passing of frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements. Usually accompanies gastrointestinal disorders

A

Diarrhea

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16
Q

Abnormal appetite; usually diminished appetite

A

Dyspraxia

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17
Q

Upset stomach; indigestion

A

Dyspepsia

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18
Q

Having difficulty swallowing or eating

A

Dysphagia

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19
Q

Vomiting

A

Emesis

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20
Q

Stomach pain

A

Gastralgia

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21
Q

Vomiting blood

A

Hematemesis

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22
Q

Passing bright red blood in the stools

A

Hematochezia

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23
Q

Excessive vomiting

A

Hyperemesis

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24
Q

Yellow cast to the skin, mucous membranes and whites of eyes caused by the deposit in the blood

A

Jaundice

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25
Q

Passage of dark tarry stools. Color is result of enzymes working on blood in gastrointestinal tract

A

Melena

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26
Q

Urge to vomit

A

Nausea

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27
Q

Body weight that is above a healthy level

A

Obesity

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28
Q

Excessive eating; eating too much

A

Polyphagia

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29
Q

After a meal

A

Postprandial

30
Q

Pain and burning sensation usually caused by stomach acid splashing up into the esophagus

A

Pyrosis

31
Q

Return of fluids and solids from the stomach into the mouth

A

Regurgitation

32
Q

Painful ulcers in mouth of unknown cause. Canker sores

A

Aphthous sores

33
Q

Congenital anomaly in which the upper lip and jawbone fail to fuse in the midline, leaving an open gap. Often seen along with a cleft palate

A

Cleft lip

34
Q

Congenital anomaly in which the roof of the mouth has a split or fissure

A

Cleft palate

35
Q

Gradual decay and disintegration of teeth caused by bacteria; may lead to abscessed teeth. Tooth cavity

A

Dental caries

36
Q

Inflammation of the gums

A

Gingivitis

37
Q

Infection of the lip by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Fever blisters or cold sores

A

Herpes labilalis

38
Q

Disease of supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums and bones; the most common cause of tooth loss

A

Periodontal disease

39
Q

Inflammation of salivary gland

A

Sialadentis

40
Q

Enlarged and swollen varicose veins in lower end of esophagus. If rupture, serious hemorrhage results; often related to liver disease

A

Esophageal varices

41
Q

Acid from stomach flows backward up into esophagus causing inflammation and pain

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

42
Q

Paralysis of throat muscles

A

Pharyngoplegia

43
Q

Cancer tumor in stomach

A

Gastric carcinoma

44
Q

Stomach inflammation

A

Gastritis

45
Q

Inflammation of stomach and small intestine

A

Gastroenteritis

46
Q

Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm, diaphramatocele, and extending into thoracic cavity; gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common symptom

A

Hiatal hernia

47
Q

Ulcer occurring in the lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum. Caused by acid of gastric juices. Initial damage done by a heliobacter pylori bacterial infection. If ulcer goes through wall of stomach it is a perforated ulcer

A

Peptic ulcer disease

48
Q

Abnormal tube-like passage from the surface around anal opening directly into the rectum

A

Anal fistula

49
Q

Inflammation of the appendix; may require appendectomy

A

Appendicitis

50
Q

Unable to control defecation

A

Bowel incontinence

51
Q

Cancerous tumor originating in colon or rectum

A

Colorectal carcinoma

52
Q

Form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting primarily the ileum and/or colon. Regional ileitis. Affects all layers of bowel wall and results in scarring and thickening of gut wall

A

Crohn’s disease

53
Q

Inflammation of a diverticulum, especially in colon. Results when food becomes within pouch

A

Diverticulitis

54
Q

Condition of having diverticula (outpouches off the gut) may lead to diverticulitis

A

Diverticulosis

55
Q

Disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucous and blood, severe abdominal pain, fever and dehydration caused by ingesting contaminated food or water

A

Dysentery

56
Q

Inflammation of small intestines

A

Enteritis

57
Q

Varicose veins in rectum and anus

A

Hemorrhoids

58
Q

Severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stools, vomiting, and abdominal distension as a result of an intestinal blockage

A

Ileus

59
Q

Hernia or protrusion of a loop of small intestines into the inguinal region through a muscle wall that develops into a hole

A

Inguinal hernia

60
Q

Result of the intestine slipping or telescoping into another section of intestine just below it. More common in children

A

Intussusception

61
Q

Disturbance in functions of the intestine from unknown causes. Spastic colon
Or functional bowel syndrome

A

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

62
Q

Presence of small tumors, called polyps containing a pedicle or stemlike attachment in the mucous membranes of the colon

A

Polyposis

63
Q

Prolapsed or dropping rectum

A

Proctoptosis

64
Q

Chronic inflammatory condition resulting in numerous ulcers formed on the mucous membrane lining of the colon; cause is unknown; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

Ulcerative colitis

65
Q

Condition in which bowel twists upon itself causing an obstruction; painful and requires immediate surgery

A

Volvulus

66
Q

Inflammation gallbladder; most commonly caused by gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct that block the flow of bile

A

Cholecystitis

67
Q

Presence of gallstones

A

Cholelithiasis

68
Q

Chronic disease of liver associated with failure of liver to function properly

A

Cirrhosis

69
Q

Inflammation of liver, usually due to viral infection. Sexual contact, exposure to blood or fecally contaminated food or water

A

Hepatitis

70
Q

Liver tumor

A

Hepatoma

71
Q

Inflammation of pancreas

A

Pancreatitis

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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