Chapter 8- Digestive System- Pathology Flashcards
Gastroenterology
Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the digestive system
Oral surgery
Branch of dentistry that uses surgical means to treat dental conditions
Orthodontics
Branch of dentistry concerned with correction of problems with tooth alignment. Orthodontist
Periodontics
Branch of dentistry concerned with treating conditions involving the gums and tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontist
Proctology
Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the anus and rectum. Proctologist
Anorexia
General term meaning loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions.
Aphagia
Unable to eat or swallow
Ascites
Collection or accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Bradypepsia
Having a slow digestive system
Cachexia
Loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during a chronic disease
Cholecystalgia
Having gallbladder pain
Constipation
Experiencing difficulty in defecation or infrequent defecation
Dentalgia
Tooth pain
Dentistry
Branch of healthcare involved with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions involving teeth, jaw, and mouth
Passing of frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements. Usually accompanies gastrointestinal disorders
Diarrhea
Abnormal appetite; usually diminished appetite
Dyspraxia
Upset stomach; indigestion
Dyspepsia
Having difficulty swallowing or eating
Dysphagia
Vomiting
Emesis
Stomach pain
Gastralgia
Vomiting blood
Hematemesis
Passing bright red blood in the stools
Hematochezia
Excessive vomiting
Hyperemesis
Yellow cast to the skin, mucous membranes and whites of eyes caused by the deposit in the blood
Jaundice
Passage of dark tarry stools. Color is result of enzymes working on blood in gastrointestinal tract
Melena
Urge to vomit
Nausea
Body weight that is above a healthy level
Obesity
Excessive eating; eating too much
Polyphagia
After a meal
Postprandial
Pain and burning sensation usually caused by stomach acid splashing up into the esophagus
Pyrosis
Return of fluids and solids from the stomach into the mouth
Regurgitation
Painful ulcers in mouth of unknown cause. Canker sores
Aphthous sores
Congenital anomaly in which the upper lip and jawbone fail to fuse in the midline, leaving an open gap. Often seen along with a cleft palate
Cleft lip
Congenital anomaly in which the roof of the mouth has a split or fissure
Cleft palate
Gradual decay and disintegration of teeth caused by bacteria; may lead to abscessed teeth. Tooth cavity
Dental caries
Inflammation of the gums
Gingivitis
Infection of the lip by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Fever blisters or cold sores
Herpes labilalis
Disease of supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums and bones; the most common cause of tooth loss
Periodontal disease
Inflammation of salivary gland
Sialadentis
Enlarged and swollen varicose veins in lower end of esophagus. If rupture, serious hemorrhage results; often related to liver disease
Esophageal varices
Acid from stomach flows backward up into esophagus causing inflammation and pain
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Paralysis of throat muscles
Pharyngoplegia
Cancer tumor in stomach
Gastric carcinoma
Stomach inflammation
Gastritis
Inflammation of stomach and small intestine
Gastroenteritis
Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm, diaphramatocele, and extending into thoracic cavity; gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common symptom
Hiatal hernia
Ulcer occurring in the lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum. Caused by acid of gastric juices. Initial damage done by a heliobacter pylori bacterial infection. If ulcer goes through wall of stomach it is a perforated ulcer
Peptic ulcer disease
Abnormal tube-like passage from the surface around anal opening directly into the rectum
Anal fistula
Inflammation of the appendix; may require appendectomy
Appendicitis
Unable to control defecation
Bowel incontinence
Cancerous tumor originating in colon or rectum
Colorectal carcinoma
Form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting primarily the ileum and/or colon. Regional ileitis. Affects all layers of bowel wall and results in scarring and thickening of gut wall
Crohn’s disease
Inflammation of a diverticulum, especially in colon. Results when food becomes within pouch
Diverticulitis
Condition of having diverticula (outpouches off the gut) may lead to diverticulitis
Diverticulosis
Disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucous and blood, severe abdominal pain, fever and dehydration caused by ingesting contaminated food or water
Dysentery
Inflammation of small intestines
Enteritis
Varicose veins in rectum and anus
Hemorrhoids
Severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stools, vomiting, and abdominal distension as a result of an intestinal blockage
Ileus
Hernia or protrusion of a loop of small intestines into the inguinal region through a muscle wall that develops into a hole
Inguinal hernia
Result of the intestine slipping or telescoping into another section of intestine just below it. More common in children
Intussusception
Disturbance in functions of the intestine from unknown causes. Spastic colon
Or functional bowel syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Presence of small tumors, called polyps containing a pedicle or stemlike attachment in the mucous membranes of the colon
Polyposis
Prolapsed or dropping rectum
Proctoptosis
Chronic inflammatory condition resulting in numerous ulcers formed on the mucous membrane lining of the colon; cause is unknown; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Ulcerative colitis
Condition in which bowel twists upon itself causing an obstruction; painful and requires immediate surgery
Volvulus
Inflammation gallbladder; most commonly caused by gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct that block the flow of bile
Cholecystitis
Presence of gallstones
Cholelithiasis
Chronic disease of liver associated with failure of liver to function properly
Cirrhosis
Inflammation of liver, usually due to viral infection. Sexual contact, exposure to blood or fecally contaminated food or water
Hepatitis
Liver tumor
Hepatoma
Inflammation of pancreas
Pancreatitis
