Chapter 8- Digestive System- Pathology

Question 1

Gastroenterology

Answer 1

Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the digestive system

Question 2

Oral surgery

Answer 2

Branch of dentistry that uses surgical means to treat dental conditions

Question 3

Orthodontics

Answer 3

Branch of dentistry concerned with correction of problems with tooth alignment. Orthodontist

Question 4

Periodontics

Answer 4

Branch of dentistry concerned with treating conditions involving the gums and tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontist

Question 5

Proctology

Answer 5

Branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the anus and rectum. Proctologist

Question 6

Anorexia

Answer 6

General term meaning loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions.

Question 7

Aphagia

Answer 7

Unable to eat or swallow

Question 8

Ascites

Answer 8

Collection or accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 9

Bradypepsia

Answer 9

Having a slow digestive system

Question 10

Cachexia

Answer 10

Loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during a chronic disease

Question 11

Cholecystalgia

Answer 11

Having gallbladder pain

Question 12

Constipation

Answer 12

Experiencing difficulty in defecation or infrequent defecation

Question 13

Dentalgia

Answer 13

Tooth pain

Question 14

Dentistry

Answer 14

Branch of healthcare involved with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions involving teeth, jaw, and mouth

Question 15

Passing of frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements. Usually accompanies gastrointestinal disorders

Answer 15

Diarrhea

Question 16

Abnormal appetite; usually diminished appetite

Answer 16

Dyspraxia

Question 17

Upset stomach; indigestion

Answer 17

Dyspepsia

Question 18

Having difficulty swallowing or eating

Answer 18

Dysphagia

Question 19

Vomiting

Answer 19

Emesis

Question 20

Stomach pain

Answer 20

Gastralgia

Question 21

Vomiting blood

Answer 21

Hematemesis

Question 22

Passing bright red blood in the stools

Answer 22

Hematochezia

Question 23

Excessive vomiting

Answer 23

Hyperemesis

Question 24

Yellow cast to the skin, mucous membranes and whites of eyes caused by the deposit in the blood

Answer 24

Jaundice

Question 25

Passage of dark tarry stools. Color is result of enzymes working on blood in gastrointestinal tract

Answer 25

Melena

Question 26

Urge to vomit

Answer 26

Nausea

Question 27

Body weight that is above a healthy level

Answer 27

Obesity

Question 28

Excessive eating; eating too much

Answer 28

Polyphagia

Question 29

After a meal

Answer 29

Postprandial

Question 30

Pain and burning sensation usually caused by stomach acid splashing up into the esophagus

Answer 30

Pyrosis

Question 31

Return of fluids and solids from the stomach into the mouth

Answer 31

Regurgitation

Question 32

Painful ulcers in mouth of unknown cause. Canker sores

Answer 32

Aphthous sores

Question 33

Congenital anomaly in which the upper lip and jawbone fail to fuse in the midline, leaving an open gap. Often seen along with a cleft palate

Answer 33

Cleft lip

Question 34

Congenital anomaly in which the roof of the mouth has a split or fissure

Answer 34

Cleft palate

Question 35

Gradual decay and disintegration of teeth caused by bacteria; may lead to abscessed teeth. Tooth cavity

Answer 35

Dental caries

Question 36

Inflammation of the gums

Answer 36

Gingivitis

Question 37

Infection of the lip by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Fever blisters or cold sores

Answer 37

Herpes labilalis

Question 38

Disease of supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums and bones; the most common cause of tooth loss

Answer 38

Periodontal disease

Question 39

Inflammation of salivary gland

Answer 39

Sialadentis

Question 40

Enlarged and swollen varicose veins in lower end of esophagus. If rupture, serious hemorrhage results; often related to liver disease

Answer 40

Esophageal varices

Question 41

Acid from stomach flows backward up into esophagus causing inflammation and pain

Answer 41

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 42

Paralysis of throat muscles

Answer 42

Pharyngoplegia

Question 43

Cancer tumor in stomach

Answer 43

Gastric carcinoma

Question 44

Stomach inflammation

Answer 44

Gastritis

Question 45

Inflammation of stomach and small intestine

Answer 45

Gastroenteritis

Question 46

Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm, diaphramatocele, and extending into thoracic cavity; gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common symptom

Answer 46

Hiatal hernia

Question 47

Ulcer occurring in the lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum. Caused by acid of gastric juices. Initial damage done by a heliobacter pylori bacterial infection. If ulcer goes through wall of stomach it is a perforated ulcer

Answer 47

Peptic ulcer disease

Question 48

Abnormal tube-like passage from the surface around anal opening directly into the rectum

Answer 48

Anal fistula

Question 49

Inflammation of the appendix; may require appendectomy

Answer 49

Appendicitis

Question 50

Unable to control defecation

Answer 50

Bowel incontinence

Question 51

Cancerous tumor originating in colon or rectum

Answer 51

Colorectal carcinoma

Question 52

Form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting primarily the ileum and/or colon. Regional ileitis. Affects all layers of bowel wall and results in scarring and thickening of gut wall

Answer 52

Crohn's disease

Question 53

Inflammation of a diverticulum, especially in colon. Results when food becomes within pouch

Answer 53

Diverticulitis

Question 54

Condition of having diverticula (outpouches off the gut) may lead to diverticulitis

Answer 54

Diverticulosis

Question 55

Disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucous and blood, severe abdominal pain, fever and dehydration caused by ingesting contaminated food or water

Answer 55

Dysentery

Question 56

Inflammation of small intestines

Answer 56

Enteritis

Question 57

Varicose veins in rectum and anus

Answer 57

Hemorrhoids

Question 58

Severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stools, vomiting, and abdominal distension as a result of an intestinal blockage

Answer 58

Ileus

Question 59

Hernia or protrusion of a loop of small intestines into the inguinal region through a muscle wall that develops into a hole

Answer 59

Inguinal hernia

Question 60

Result of the intestine slipping or telescoping into another section of intestine just below it. More common in children

Answer 60

Intussusception

Question 61

Disturbance in functions of the intestine from unknown causes. Spastic colon Or functional bowel syndrome

Answer 61

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Question 62

Presence of small tumors, called polyps containing a pedicle or stemlike attachment in the mucous membranes of the colon

Answer 62

Polyposis

Question 63

Prolapsed or dropping rectum

Answer 63

Proctoptosis

Question 64

Chronic inflammatory condition resulting in numerous ulcers formed on the mucous membrane lining of the colon; cause is unknown; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Answer 64

Ulcerative colitis

Question 65

Condition in which bowel twists upon itself causing an obstruction; painful and requires immediate surgery

Answer 65

Volvulus

Question 66

Inflammation gallbladder; most commonly caused by gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct that block the flow of bile

Answer 66

Cholecystitis

Question 67

Presence of gallstones

Answer 67

Cholelithiasis

Question 68

Chronic disease of liver associated with failure of liver to function properly

Answer 68

Cirrhosis

Question 69

Inflammation of liver, usually due to viral infection. Sexual contact, exposure to blood or fecally contaminated food or water

Answer 69

Hepatitis

Question 70

Liver tumor

Answer 70

Hepatoma

Question 71

Inflammation of pancreas

Answer 71

Pancreatitis