Chapter 7 Respiratory System- Pathology Flashcards by Jessica Balderas

Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, and throat region.

Otorhinolaryngology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of internal organs such as the respiratory system.

Internal medicine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branch of medicine involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the respiratory system.

Pulmonology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Allied health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders.

Respiratory therapy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the respiratory system by surgical means.

Thoracic surgery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lack of sense of smell

Anosmia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Condition of receiving almost no oxygen from inhaled air

Anoxia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Condition of being unable to produce sounds

Aphonia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Not breathing

Apnea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately.

Asphyxia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Refers to withdrawing fluid from a body cavity using suction. Ex: using a long needle and syringe to withdraw fluid from the pleural cavity, or using a vacuum pump to remove phlegm from a patients airways.

Aspiration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Breathing too slowly; a low respiratory rate

Bradypnea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dilated bronchitis

Bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Involuntary muscle spasm of the smooth muscle in the wall of the bronchus

Bronchospasm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Abnormal breathing pattern in which there are long periods of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing.

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Abnormal widening and thickening of the ends of the fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency

Clubbing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Abnormal sound made during inspiration

Crackles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Refers to bluish tint of skin that is receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen or circulation

Cyanosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Condition of having difficulty producing sounds or producing abnormal sounds

Dysphonia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Term describing difficult or or labored breathing

Dyspnea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nosebleed

Epistaxis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normal breathing and respiratory rate

Eupnea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To cough up blood or blood-sustained sputum

Hemoptysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Presence of blood in chest cavity

Hemothorax

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Condition of having excessive carbon dioxide in the body

Hypercapnia

Taking deep breaths

Hyperpnea

Breathing too fast (tachypnea) and too deep (hyperpnea)

Hyperventilation

An insufficient level of carbon dioxide in the body; a very serious problem because it is the presence of carbon dioxide that stimulates respiration not in the absence of oxygen

Hypercapnia

Taking shallow breaths

Hypopnea

Breathing too slow (bradypnea) and too shallow (hypopnea)

Hypoventilation

Condition of having insufficient amount of oxygen in bloodstream

Hypoxemia

Condition of receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen in the bloodstream

Hypoxia

Paralysis of the muscles controlling the larynx

Laryngoplegia

Term describing dyspnea that is worsened by lying flat. The patients feels able to breath easier while sitting straight up

Orthopnea

Inflammation of all paranasal sinuses

Pansinusitis

Open or unblocked, such as a patent airway

Patent

Thick mucus secreted by the membranes lining the respiratory tract

Phlegm

Grating sound made when two layers of pleura rub together during respiration

Pleural rub

Pleural pain

Pleurodynia

Presence of pus in the chest cavity; indicates a bacterial infection

Pyothorax

Inflammation of nasal cavity

Rhinitis

Rapid flow of blood from the nose

Rhinorrhagia

Discharge from nose

Rhinorrhea

Somewhat musical sound during expiration often found in asthma or infection; wheezing

Rhonchi

Term used to indicate that a patient is having some difficulty breathing

Shortness of breath

Mucus or phlegm coughed up from the lining of the respiratory tract

Sputum

Harsh, high-pitched, noisy breathing sound made when there is an obstruction of the bronchus or larynx

Stridor

Breathing fast; a high respiratory rate

Tachypnea

Chest pain. Does not refer to angina pectoris

Thoracalgia

Narrowing of the trachea

Tracheostenosis

Acute respiratory condition found in infants and children characterized by a barking type of cough or stridor

Croup

Bacterial upper respiratory infection characterized by the formation of a thick membranous film across the throat and a high mortality rate

Diphtheria

Inflammation of the larynx

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the nasal cavity and pharynx; common cold

Nasopharyngitis

Whooping cough; an infectious bacterial disease of the upper respiratory system

Pertussis

Inflammation of pharynx; sore throat

Pharyngitis

Fungal infection of the nasal cavity

Rhinomycosis

Disease caused by various conditions, like allergens, and resulting in constriction of the bronchial airways, dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing

Asthma

Abnormal enlargement of bronchi; May be the result of a lung infection

Bronchiectasis

Inflammation of the bronchus

Bronchitis

Malignant tumor originating in the bronchi; associated with history of cigarette smoking

Bronchogenic carcinoma

Acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

Type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the collection of coal dust in the lung

Anthracosis

Type of pneumoconiosis that develops from collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs

Asbestosis

Condition in which the alveoli in a portion of the lung collapse, preventing the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Atelectasis

Progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible group of conditions, like emphysema, in which the lungs a diminished capacity for inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | COPD

Hereditary condition causing the exocrine glands to malfunction. The patient produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system

Cystic fibrosis

Pulmonary condition characterized by the destruction of the walls of the alveoli, resulting in fewer overexpanded air sacs

Emphysema

Pulmonary infection caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, found in dust and droppings of pigeons and chickens

Histoplasmosis

Lung condition most commonly found in premature infants that is characterized by tachypnea and respiratory grunting

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

Viral infection of the respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue; flu

Influenza

Severe, often fatal bacterial infection characterized by pneumonia and liver and kidney damage

Legionnaires's disease

Less severe but longer lasting form of pneumonia caused my Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria; walking pneumonia

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Condition that is the result of inhaling environmental particles that become toxic

Pneumoconiosis

Pneumonia with a nonproductive cough, very little fever, and dyspnea caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Inflammatory condition of the lung that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and aspirated substances

Pneumonia

Condition in which lung tissue retains an excessive amount of fluid, especially in the alveoli

Pulmonary edema

Obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus

Pulmonary embolism

Formation of fibrous scar tissue in the lungs that leads to decreased ability to expand the lungs

Pulmonary fibrosis

Acute viral respiratory infection that begins like the flu but quickly progresses to severe dyspnea

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the inhalation of silica dust found in quarrying, glass works, sandblasting, and ceramics

Silicosis

Condition in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep long enough to cause a drop in oxygen levels in the blood

Sleep apnea

Unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant under 1 year of age; child suddenly stops breathing for unknown reasons

Sudden infant death syndrome

Infectious disease caused by the bacteria Myobacterium tuberculosis. Most commonly affects respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification in the lungs

Tuberculosis

Pus with in the pleural space usually associated with a bacterial infection

Empyema

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity preventing the lungs from fully expanding

Pleural effusion

Inflammation of the pleura characterized by sharp chest pain with each breath

Pleurisy

Collection of air gas in the pleural cavity, which may result in collapse of the lung

Pneumothorax