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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 7 Respiratory System- Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Respiratory System- Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, and throat region.

A

Otorhinolaryngology

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2
Q

Branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of internal organs such as the respiratory system.

A

Internal medicine

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3
Q

Branch of medicine involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the respiratory system.

A

Pulmonology

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4
Q

Allied health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders.

A

Respiratory therapy

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5
Q

Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the respiratory system by surgical means.

A

Thoracic surgery

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6
Q

Lack of sense of smell

A

Anosmia

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7
Q

Condition of receiving almost no oxygen from inhaled air

A

Anoxia

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8
Q

Condition of being unable to produce sounds

A

Aphonia

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9
Q

Not breathing

A

Apnea

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10
Q

Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately.

A

Asphyxia

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11
Q

Refers to withdrawing fluid from a body cavity using suction. Ex: using a long needle and syringe to withdraw fluid from the pleural cavity, or using a vacuum pump to remove phlegm from a patients airways.

A

Aspiration

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12
Q

Breathing too slowly; a low respiratory rate

A

Bradypnea

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13
Q

Dilated bronchitis

A

Bronchiectasis

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14
Q

Involuntary muscle spasm of the smooth muscle in the wall of the bronchus

A

Bronchospasm

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15
Q

Abnormal breathing pattern in which there are long periods of apnea followed by deeper, more rapid breathing.

A

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

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16
Q

Abnormal widening and thickening of the ends of the fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency

A

Clubbing

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17
Q

Abnormal sound made during inspiration

A

Crackles

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18
Q

Refers to bluish tint of skin that is receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen or circulation

A

Cyanosis

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19
Q

Condition of having difficulty producing sounds or producing abnormal sounds

A

Dysphonia

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20
Q

Term describing difficult or or labored breathing

A

Dyspnea

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21
Q

Nosebleed

A

Epistaxis

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22
Q

Normal breathing and respiratory rate

A

Eupnea

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23
Q

To cough up blood or blood-sustained sputum

A

Hemoptysis

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24
Q

Presence of blood in chest cavity

A

Hemothorax

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25
Q

Condition of having excessive carbon dioxide in the body

A

Hypercapnia

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26
Q

Taking deep breaths

A

Hyperpnea

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27
Q

Breathing too fast (tachypnea) and too deep (hyperpnea)

A

Hyperventilation

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28
Q

An insufficient level of carbon dioxide in the body; a very serious problem because it is the presence of carbon dioxide that stimulates respiration not in the absence of oxygen

A

Hypercapnia

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29
Q

Taking shallow breaths

A

Hypopnea

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30
Q

Breathing too slow (bradypnea) and too shallow (hypopnea)

A

Hypoventilation

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31
Q

Condition of having insufficient amount of oxygen in bloodstream

A

Hypoxemia

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32
Q

Condition of receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen in the bloodstream

A

Hypoxia

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33
Q

Paralysis of the muscles controlling the larynx

A

Laryngoplegia

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34
Q

Term describing dyspnea that is worsened by lying flat. The patients feels able to breath easier while sitting straight up

A

Orthopnea

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35
Q

Inflammation of all paranasal sinuses

A

Pansinusitis

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36
Q

Open or unblocked, such as a patent airway

A

Patent

37
Q

Thick mucus secreted by the membranes lining the respiratory tract

A

Phlegm

38
Q

Grating sound made when two layers of pleura rub together during respiration

A

Pleural rub

39
Q

Pleural pain

A

Pleurodynia

40
Q

Presence of pus in the chest cavity; indicates a bacterial infection

A

Pyothorax

41
Q

Inflammation of nasal cavity

A

Rhinitis

42
Q

Rapid flow of blood from the nose

A

Rhinorrhagia

43
Q

Discharge from nose

A

Rhinorrhea

44
Q

Somewhat musical sound during expiration often found in asthma or infection; wheezing

A

Rhonchi

45
Q

Term used to indicate that a patient is having some difficulty breathing

A

Shortness of breath

46
Q

Mucus or phlegm coughed up from the lining of the respiratory tract

A

Sputum

47
Q

Harsh, high-pitched, noisy breathing sound made when there is an obstruction of the bronchus or larynx

A

Stridor

48
Q

Breathing fast; a high respiratory rate

A

Tachypnea

49
Q

Chest pain. Does not refer to angina pectoris

A

Thoracalgia

50
Q

Narrowing of the trachea

A

Tracheostenosis

51
Q

Acute respiratory condition found in infants and children characterized by a barking type of cough or stridor

A

Croup

52
Q

Bacterial upper respiratory infection characterized by the formation of a thick membranous film across the throat and a high mortality rate

A

Diphtheria

53
Q

Inflammation of the larynx

A

Laryngitis

54
Q

Inflammation of the nasal cavity and pharynx; common cold

A

Nasopharyngitis

55
Q

Whooping cough; an infectious bacterial disease of the upper respiratory system

A

Pertussis

56
Q

Inflammation of pharynx; sore throat

A

Pharyngitis

57
Q

Fungal infection of the nasal cavity

A

Rhinomycosis

58
Q

Disease caused by various conditions, like allergens, and resulting in constriction of the bronchial airways, dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing

A

Asthma

59
Q

Abnormal enlargement of bronchi; May be the result of a lung infection

A

Bronchiectasis

60
Q

Inflammation of the bronchus

A

Bronchitis

61
Q

Malignant tumor originating in the bronchi; associated with history of cigarette smoking

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

62
Q

Acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia

A

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

63
Q

Type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the collection of coal dust in the lung

A

Anthracosis

64
Q

Type of pneumoconiosis that develops from collection of asbestos fibers in the lungs

A

Asbestosis

65
Q

Condition in which the alveoli in a portion of the lung collapse, preventing the respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Atelectasis

66
Q

Progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible group of conditions, like emphysema, in which the lungs a diminished capacity for inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation)

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

COPD

67
Q

Hereditary condition causing the exocrine glands to malfunction. The patient produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system

A

Cystic fibrosis

68
Q

Pulmonary condition characterized by the destruction of the walls of the alveoli, resulting in fewer overexpanded air sacs

A

Emphysema

69
Q

Pulmonary infection caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, found in dust and droppings of pigeons and chickens

A

Histoplasmosis

70
Q

Lung condition most commonly found in premature infants that is characterized by tachypnea and respiratory grunting

A

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

71
Q

Viral infection of the respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatigue; flu

A

Influenza

72
Q

Severe, often fatal bacterial infection characterized by pneumonia and liver and kidney damage

A

Legionnaires’s disease

73
Q

Less severe but longer lasting form of pneumonia caused my Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria; walking pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

74
Q

Condition that is the result of inhaling environmental particles that become toxic

A

Pneumoconiosis

75
Q

Pneumonia with a nonproductive cough, very little fever, and dyspnea caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

76
Q

Inflammatory condition of the lung that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and aspirated substances

A

Pneumonia

77
Q

Condition in which lung tissue retains an excessive amount of fluid, especially in the alveoli

A

Pulmonary edema

78
Q

Obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus

A

Pulmonary embolism

79
Q

Formation of fibrous scar tissue in the lungs that leads to decreased ability to expand the lungs

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

80
Q

Acute viral respiratory infection that begins like the flu but quickly progresses to severe dyspnea

A

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

81
Q

Type of pneumoconiosis that develops from the inhalation of silica dust found in quarrying, glass works, sandblasting, and ceramics

A

Silicosis

82
Q

Condition in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep long enough to cause a drop in oxygen levels in the blood

A

Sleep apnea

83
Q

Unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant under 1 year of age; child suddenly stops breathing for unknown reasons

A

Sudden infant death syndrome

84
Q

Infectious disease caused by the bacteria Myobacterium tuberculosis. Most commonly affects respiratory system and causes inflammation and calcification in the lungs

A

Tuberculosis

85
Q

Pus with in the pleural space usually associated with a bacterial infection

A

Empyema

86
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity preventing the lungs from fully expanding

A

Pleural effusion

87
Q

Inflammation of the pleura characterized by sharp chest pain with each breath

A

Pleurisy

88
Q

Collection of air gas in the pleural cavity, which may result in collapse of the lung

A

Pneumothorax

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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