Chapter - 9 (Transport in Animals) Flashcards
Define circulatory system.
A system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.
Define valves.
Structures that allow a liquid to flow in one direction only.
Define oxygenated blood.
Blood containing a lot of oxygen
Define deoxygenated blood.
blood containing only a little oxygen
Define a double circulatory system.
A system in which blood passes thru the heart twice on one complete circuit of the body.
Define a single circulatory system.
A system in which blood passes thru the heart only once on one complete circuit of the body.
Define atria or atrium
Thin-walled Chambers at the top of the heart, receive blood.
Define ventricles.
Thick-walled Chambers at the base of the heart pumps blood out.
Define septum.
The structure that separates the left & right sides of the heart, keeps oxygenated & deoxygenated blood separate
Define pulmonary veins.
the veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Defiant vena cava.
The large veins bring deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
Define aorta.
the largest artery in the body, which receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricles and delivers it to the body organs.
Define pulmonary artery.
The artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Define the atrioventricular valve.
a valve between an atrium and a ventricle in the heart, which allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the ventricle but not in the opp direction.
Define semilunar valves.
valves close to the entrances to the aorta and pulmonary artery, which prevents backflow of blood from the arteries to the ventricles.
Define coronary arteries
vessels that deliver oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
Define CHD Coronary Heart Disease.
Diseases caused by blockage of the coronary arteries.
Define pulse rate.
No. of times an artery expands and recoils in one minute, it is a measure of heart rate.
Define ECG
A graph showing the electrical activity of the heart plotted against time.
Define artery
a thick-walled vessels that takes high-pressure blood away from the heart.
Define capillary.
A tiny vessel with walls only one cell thick, that takes blood close to body cells.
Define veins.
A thin-walled vessel that takes low-pressure blood back to the heart.
Define the hepatic artery.
The blood vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the liver.
Define the hepatic veins.
The blood vessels that carry blood away from the liver.
Define plasma.
The liquid part of blood.
Define RBC
biconcave blood cells with no nucleus, which transports oxygen.
Define WBC
blood cells with a nucleus, which help to defend against pathogens.
Define platelets.
Tiny cell fragments present in blood, which help with clotting.
Define hemoglobin.
a red pigment found in RBC, which can combine reversibly with O2, it is a protein.
define phagocytes.
Taking bacteria or other small structures into a cell’s cytoplasm, and digesting them with enzymes.
Define fibrinogen.
A soluble protein, present in blood plasma.
Define fibrin.
An insoluble protein that is formed from fibrinogen when a blood vessel is damaged.
How is the structure of arteries?
What do the structure of artery help in the function of?
How is the structure of veins?
What do the structure of veins help in the function of?
How is the structure of capillaries?
What do the structure of capillary help in the function of?
Define arterioles
Define venules
What does the term hepatic refer to?
What is the function of hepatic artery?
What is the function of hepatic vein?
What is the function of hepatic portal vein?
