Ch 12 - (Respiration) Flashcards

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1
Q

Define respiration.

A

A chemical process that involves the breakdown of nutrient molecule (glucose) in order to release energy.

It is enzyme controlled

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2
Q

Can respiration take place aerobically and anaerobically?

A

yes

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3
Q

Which releases less energy to break down each glucose molecule? Anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Anaerobically

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4
Q

Where does respiration work?

A

in all living cells.
Aerobically - mitochondria

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5
Q

What process require energy released by respiration?

A
  1. Muscle contraction
  2. Protein synthesis
  3. Cell division
  4. Growth
  5. Active transport across cell membrane
  6. Generation of nerve impulses
  7. Maintaining constant internal body temp
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6
Q

Define aerobic respiration.

A

The chemical reactions in the cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy.

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7
Q

What does aerobic respiration breakdown?

A

Glucose to release large amounts of energy

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8
Q

What does aerobic respiration produce?

A

carbon dioxide, water, useful cellular energy

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9
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen – (in the presence of enzymes)–> carbon dioxide + water

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10
Q

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –(in the presence of enzymes) -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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11
Q

Define anaerobic respiration.

A

The chemical reactions in the cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy.

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12
Q

What is anaerobic respiration the incomplete breakdown of?

A
  • Incomplete breakdown of glucose
  • releases relatively small amount of energy
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13
Q

Where does anaerobic respiration take place during vigorous exercise?

A

In muscle cells

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14
Q

How does anaerobic respiration take place during vigorous exercise?

A
  • As much glucose as possible is broken down with oxygen
  • Some glucose is broken down without it, producing lactic acid
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15
Q

Why is there less energy released when glucose is broken down anaerobically?

A

There is still energy stored within the bonds of lactic acid molecules that the cell can use.

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16
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?

A

Glucose —-> Lactic acid

17
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

Glucose –> Alcohol + carbon dioxide

18
Q

What is the chemical anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

C6H12O6 –> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

19
Q

What happens anaerobically when exercising?

A
  • Lactic acid builds up in muscles and lowers the pH.
  • this denatures the enzymes in the cells
  • cells excrete lactic acids into the blood
  • When blood passes through liver, lactic acid is taken up into liver cells where it is oxidises (aerobic respiration takes place in liver cells)
  • waste products is formed.

This is called repaying debt of

20
Q

Do we need oxygen for:

a) Aerobic
b) Anaerobic

A

a) Aerobic - needed
b) Anaerobic - not needed

21
Q

Is there glucose breakdown in:

a) Aerobic
b) Anaerobic

A

a) Aerobic - complete
b) Anaerobic - incomplete

22
Q

are their products in:

a) Aerobic
b) Anaerobic

A

a) Aerobic - carbon dioxide and water

b) Anaerobic -
Animal cells: Lactic acid

Yeast: Carbon dioxide and ethanol

23
Q

Is energy released in:

a) Aerobic
b) Anaerobic

A

a) Aerobic - a lot
b) Anaerobic - a little