Ch 12 - (Respiration) Flashcards
Define respiration.
A chemical process that involves the breakdown of nutrient molecule (glucose) in order to release energy.
It is enzyme controlled
Can respiration take place aerobically and anaerobically?
yes
Which releases less energy to break down each glucose molecule? Anaerobic or aerobic?
Anaerobically
Where does respiration work?
in all living cells.
Aerobically - mitochondria
What process require energy released by respiration?
- Muscle contraction
- Protein synthesis
- Cell division
- Growth
- Active transport across cell membrane
- Generation of nerve impulses
- Maintaining constant internal body temp
Define aerobic respiration.
The chemical reactions in the cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy.
What does aerobic respiration breakdown?
Glucose to release large amounts of energy
What does aerobic respiration produce?
carbon dioxide, water, useful cellular energy
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen – (in the presence of enzymes)–> carbon dioxide + water
What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –(in the presence of enzymes) -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Define anaerobic respiration.
The chemical reactions in the cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy.
What is anaerobic respiration the incomplete breakdown of?
- Incomplete breakdown of glucose
- releases relatively small amount of energy
Where does anaerobic respiration take place during vigorous exercise?
In muscle cells
How does anaerobic respiration take place during vigorous exercise?
- As much glucose as possible is broken down with oxygen
- Some glucose is broken down without it, producing lactic acid
Why is there less energy released when glucose is broken down anaerobically?
There is still energy stored within the bonds of lactic acid molecules that the cell can use.
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?
Glucose —-> Lactic acid
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Glucose –> Alcohol + carbon dioxide
What is the chemical anaerobic respiration in yeast?
C6H12O6 –> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
What happens anaerobically when exercising?
- Lactic acid builds up in muscles and lowers the pH.
- this denatures the enzymes in the cells
- cells excrete lactic acids into the blood
- When blood passes through liver, lactic acid is taken up into liver cells where it is oxidises (aerobic respiration takes place in liver cells)
- waste products is formed.
This is called repaying debt of
Do we need oxygen for:
a) Aerobic
b) Anaerobic
a) Aerobic - needed
b) Anaerobic - not needed
Is there glucose breakdown in:
a) Aerobic
b) Anaerobic
a) Aerobic - complete
b) Anaerobic - incomplete
are their products in:
a) Aerobic
b) Anaerobic
a) Aerobic - carbon dioxide and water
b) Anaerobic -
Animal cells: Lactic acid
Yeast: Carbon dioxide and ethanol
Is energy released in:
a) Aerobic
b) Anaerobic
a) Aerobic - a lot
b) Anaerobic - a little
