Chapter 9: Theories of Intelligence/Binet Scales Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What were the three independent research traditions identified by Taylor to study human intelligence?
A
  • Psychometric
  • Information processing (how you learn and solve problems)
  • Cognitive (how you react to life)
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2
Q
  1. Through what 3 facilities did Binet believe intelligence expressed itself? What two major concepts guided him?
A
  • Judgment, Attention, Reasoning
  • Age differentiation and general mental ability
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3
Q
  1. Know age differentiation, mental age, general mental ability, and positive manifold.
A
  • age differentiation: Children at different ages have different abilities. Older children have more abilities
  • mental age: equivalent age capabilities of child regardless of chronological age, obtained through age differentiation
  • general mental ability: a general level of intelligence that drives all other cognitive abilities
  • positive manifold: When diverse tests are given to large, unbiased samples, they correlate together positively. Supports the idea of general mental ability
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4
Q
  1. Binet searched for tasks that could be completed by what percentage of children in a particular age group?
A

66-75%

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5
Q
  1. What concept did Spearman introduce? What does this concept mean?
A

G; General Intelligence Factor
- Based on positive manifold I
- Intelligence consists of one general factor (g) plus a large number of specific factors
- All tests measure g

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6
Q
  1. What statistical method did Spearman develop to support his notion of g?
A

Factor analysis

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7
Q
  1. According to the gf-gc theory, what are the two basic types of intelligence? How do they differ?
A
  • Fluid intelligence (gf): the abilities allowing us to reason, think and acquire new knowledge
  • Crystalized intelligence (gc): the knowledge and understanding that we have acquired
  • gf -> abstract concepts while gc -> concrete knowledge
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8
Q
  1. Know and be able to calculate IQ using mental age and chronological age
A

IQ = (Mental age/Chronological age) x100

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9
Q
  1. What is a deviation IQ and how was it used in the Stanford-Binet scale?
A

IQ obtained statistically from a person’s relative standing in his or her age group based on the mean score

  • Rejects the IQ based on mental age/chronological age
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10
Q
  1. Define and differentiate basal and ceiling. Be able to give an example of each.
A

Basal
- the minimum amount you can get right before you move up

Ceiling
- specified number of incorrect responses/the maximum you can get wrong before you drop a level

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