Chapter 1: Introduction

Question 1

Test

Answer 1

Measurement device used to quantify behavior

Question 2

Item

Answer 2

specific stimulus that a person responds to

Question 3

Differentiate between states and traits

Answer 3

Trait: behavior that can be characterized and generalized across similar situations
State: behavior at a certain moment in time

Question 4

Achievement testing

Answer 4

Based on previous learning (Midterm)

Question 5

Aptitude testing

Answer 5

potential for learning (ability to carry a tune

Question 6

Intelligence testing

Answer 6

one’s general potential to solve problems

Question 7

If a test is reliable its results are what?

Answer 7

Accurate, dependable, consistent

Question 8

What are test batteries?

Answer 8

a group of tests administered together to obtain a comprehensive assessment of a variable

Question 9

Define standardization

Answer 9

specific procedures for administration, the scoring, and the interpretation . Every test, test-taker, and scoring is the same, reduces error

Question 10

Define stratified sample

Answer 10

a sample that is drawn from a number of separate strata of the population, rather than at random from the whole population, in order that it should be representative.

Question 11

Know when and why representative and stratified samples are collected.

Answer 11

You should use stratified sampling when your sample can be divided into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subgroups that you believe will take on different mean values for the variable that you’re studying

Question 12

Define representative sample

Answer 12

subset of a population that reflects the characteristics of the entire population

Question 13

Define hypothetical construct

Answer 13

A variable that is not directly measurable but is assumed to exist (love, friendship, depression, mindfulness)

“Gives rise” to measurable things

Question 14

Define measurable phenomenon

Answer 14

a factor that can be observed

Question 15

Define operational definition

Answer 15

How we are going to measure our hypothetical construct, measuring the “measurable phenomena” that creates the hypothetical construct

Question 16

What is the difference between structured and projective personality tests?

Answer 16

Projective: present test-takers with ambiguous stimuli under the assumption that they project unconscious personality traits onto these ambiguous stimuli

Structure: self reported measures

Question 17

What is psychometry? What are the two major properties of psychometry?

Answer 17

How good tests are!

Reliability (consistency of a test) and Validity (how well it’s measuring what we’re trying to measure)

Question 18

What are norm- and criterion referenced tests? How is each unique?

Answer 18

Norm-referenced tests: measures against the performance of others

criterion-referenced tests: measures against a established criterion, can predict performance outside of the test

Question 19

What types of questions are answered by psychologists through assessment?

Answer 19

society, humans, behavior, etc.

Question 20

Why is it important to obtain a standardization sample?

Answer 20

Provides a way for test administrators to understand what a typical score is for a given population

Question 21

Define psychological testing

Answer 21

measures characteristics of humans and behavior

Question 22

Define psychological assessment

Answer 22

gathering of data to evaluate someone for the purposes of making a diagnosis or treatment recommendation