Chapter 9: The Nervous System: Central Nervous System Flashcards
Which of the following numbers is closest to the number of neurons in the human brain?
1 × 10^11
What type of glial cell is necessary for normal development of the blood-brain barrier?
astrocytes
What type of glial cell acts locally to maintain normal electrolyte composition of the cerebrospinal fluid?
astrocytes
What type of glial cell is a phagocyte?
microglia
What type of glial cell contributes to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimerʹs disease?
both astrocytes and microglia
What type of glial cell is located in both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?
none
Which of the following is the correct order of the meninges, from neural tissue to bone?
Pia mater : arachnoid mater : dura mater
Where is cerebrospinal fluid synthesized?
cerebral ventricles
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced within the ________ and is reabsorbed into the venous circulation by special structures called the ________.
choroid plexus : arachnoid villi
What are hollow cavities within the brain that are bathed by cerebrospinal fluid?
ventricles
Which of the following is NOT an accurate explanation for the reliance of the central nervous system on blood flow?
its inability to metabolize ketones
Tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells in the central nervous system create the blood-brain barrier, thereby restricting what type of movement of molecules into the brain?
diffusion of hydrophilic
In order for ions to move across the capillary endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier, they must ________
be transported across endothelial cells
Which of the following substances requires mediated transport to cross the blood-brain barrier?
glucose
What type of glucose transporter is located in the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier?
GLUT-1
Which of the following structures is found primarily in white matter?
myelinated axons
The outermost layer of the brain is called the ________.
cerebral cortex
What are the fibers that connect the cortical regions on one side of the brain with the corresponding cortical region on the other side of the brain?
Commissural fibers
The face is innervated by what type of nerves?
cranial
Where is the cauda equina?
within the vertebral column
Which spinal nerves originate in the neck region?
cervical nerves
Which nerves innervate the thigh?
lumbar nerves
Which of the following would NOT be found within the gray matter of the spinal cord?
afferent neuron cell bodies
Where are the cell bodies of afferent neurons located?
dorsal root ganglia