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SS103 - Physiology > Chapter 6: The Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

secondary endocrine organ

A

an organ that secretes hormones, but is better known for another function

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2
Q

which endocrine organ is located in the brain?

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

What is another name for the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

neurohypophysis

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4
Q

What hormone released by the posterior pituitary functions in uterine contraction and milk letdown in the breast?

A

Oxytocin

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5
Q

Secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary is stimulated by ________ released from the ________.

A

releasing hormones : hypothalamus

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6
Q

What ensure(s) that blood levels of a specific releasing hormone are locally high in order to stimulate the pituitary?

A

hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

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7
Q

what is not a hormone released from the anterior pituitary

A

prolactin inhibiting hormone

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8
Q

Which tropic hormone is responsible for controlling the release of follicle stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary?

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone

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9
Q

correctly describe a pathway for secretion of a hormone under the control of tropic hormones?

A

GHRH stimulates GH release, which stimulates insulin-like growth factor release.

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10
Q

Which of the following tropic hormones is a catecholamine?

A

prolactin-inhibiting hormone

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11
Q

Which of the following is a correct example of long-loop negative feedback?

A

Glucocorticoids inhibit the release of CRH.

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12
Q

Which of the following is a correct example of short-loop negative feedback?

A

TSH inhibits the release of TRH.

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13
Q

The release of ________ from the pineal gland is important for establishing ________.

A

melatonin : circadian rhythm

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14
Q

The thyroid gland secretes what hormone?

A

both thyroid hormones and calcitonin

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15
Q

What is triiodothyronine?

A

a thyroid hormone secreted from the thyroid gland

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16
Q

Which of the following hormones is NOT released from the adrenal gland?

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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17
Q

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the endocrine region of the pancreas?

A

glucocorticoids

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18
Q

What layer of the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids?

A

zona glomerulosa only

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19
Q

What layer of the adrenal cortex secretes androgens?

A

both zonae reticularis and fasciculata

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20
Q

What region of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine?

A

medulla

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21
Q

What cells secrete epinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

A

chromaffin cells

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22
Q

Which of the following is an incorrect association between pancreatic cell type and hormone secreted?

A

Epsilon cells secrete calcitonin.

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23
Q

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by gonads?

A

oxytocin

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24
Q

What anterior pituitary hormone is NOT a tropic hormone?

A

prolactin

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25
Q

Which of the following hormones regulates plasma calcium levels?

A

both calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

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26
Q

What hormone is secreted by the heart?

A

atrial natriuretic peptide

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27
Q

Where does the neural input for circadian rhythmicity of hypothalamic tropic hormones originate?

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

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28
Q

Abnormal hormone secretions from an endocrine gland due to altered tropic hormone release are called ________.

A

secondary secretion disorders

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29
Q

Which of the following changes in plasma levels would be observed in a primary hyposecretion of cortisol?

A

increased CRH, increased ACTH, and decreased cortisol

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30
Q

A person has a tumor in the hypothalamus causing an excess in TRH secretion. Which of the following correctly describes changes in plasma levels of hormones?

A

increased TRH, increased TSH, and increased thyroid hormones

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31
Q

A person has a tumor in the anterior pituitary causing a decrease in ACTH secretion. Which of the following correctly describes changes in plasma levels of hormones?

A

increased CRH, decreased ACTH, and decreased cortisol

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32
Q

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of insulin catabolism in target cells?

A

degradation by insulin-degrading enzyme following receptor-mediated endocytosis

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33
Q

When the response to two hormones is equal to the sum of their individual responses, the response is described as ________.

A

additive

34
Q

When the response to two hormones is greater than the sum of the individual responses, the response is described as ________.

A

synergistic

35
Q

A releasing hormone is a type of tropic hormone.

A

TRUE

36
Q

The hypothalamus is connected to the posterior pituitary by the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system.

A

FALSE

37
Q

The secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary is controlled by hypothalamic tropic hormones.

A

TRUE

38
Q

Growth hormone functions as both a tropic hormone and as a hormone that acts on target cells throughout the body.

A

TRUE

39
Q

The only non-peptide/protein tropic hormone is somatostatin.

A

FALSE

40
Q

The only non-peptide/protein tropic hormone is dopamine.

A

TRUE

41
Q

The release of LH and FSH by the anterior pituitary is under control of the same hypothalamic tropic hormone.

A

TRUE

42
Q

In a short negative feedback loop, a tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary inhibits the release of its own releasing hormone from the hypothalamus.

A

TRUE

43
Q

The hormone thymosin is released from the thyroid gland.

A

FALSE

44
Q

The thyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone.

A

FALSE

45
Q

The parathyroid glands secrete calcitonin.

A

FALSE

46
Q

The zona fasciculata secretes both androgens and glucocorticoids.

A

TRUE

47
Q

All hormones of the adrenal cortex are steroid hormones.

A

TRUE

48
Q

The skin is necessary for the activation of calcitonin.

A

FALSE

49
Q

Insulin-like growth factors are secreted by the liver and function to promote tissue growth.

A

TRUE

50
Q

The magnitude of response at the target cell depends on both the concentration of hormone and the concentration of receptor.

A

TRUE

51
Q

All hormones are required to be bound to carrier proteins in order to be active.

A

FALSE

52
Q

Hormones transported in blood bound to proteins are metabolized more slowly than those traveling dissolved in plasma.

A

TRUE

53
Q

Regulation of insulin release by blood glucose levels is an example of humoral control of hormone secretion.

A

TRUE

54
Q

Growth hormone has direct action on target cells throughout the body.

A

TRUE

55
Q

Much of the insulin is removed from the blood as it passes through the liver.

A

TRUE

56
Q

Kidney cells contain insulin-degrading enzyme.

A

TRUE

57
Q

adrenal cortex has what hormones

A

aldosterone
androgens
cortisol

58
Q

thyroid gland has what hormones

A

calcitonin

59
Q

pancreas is associated with what hormone

A

insulin
somatostatin
glucagon

60
Q

posterior pituitary is associated with what hormone

A

vasopressin

oxytocin

61
Q

adrenal medulla is associated with what hormones

A

epinephrine

62
Q

f cells (pancreatic) secrete what hormone

A

pancreatic polypeptide

63
Q

delta cells (pancreatic) secrete what hormone

A

somatostatin

64
Q

beta cells (pancreatic) secrete what hormone

A

insulin

65
Q

alpha cells (pancreatic) secrete what hormone

A

glucagon

66
Q

What is the name of the stalk that connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?

A

infundibulum

67
Q

What are hormones that regulate the release of other hormones called?

A

tropic hormones

68
Q

What is the hormone whose release is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in men?

A

inhibin

69
Q

Name the two hormones released in females in response to LH.

A

estrogens and progesterones

70
Q

Inhibition of TRH release by the thyroid hormones is an example of (long-loop / short-loop) negative feedback.

A

long loop

71
Q

What hormone released from the thyroid gland regulates blood calcium?

A

calcitonin

72
Q

Parathyroid hormone regulates blood levels of what ion?

A

calcium

73
Q

Aldosterone is secreted by which layer(s) of cells within the adrenal cortex?

A

zona glomerulosa

74
Q

What cells of the adrenal medulla secrete catecholamines?

A

chromaffin cells

75
Q

Identify the two classes of input that can alter the secretion of hormones.

A

neural signals and humoral signals

76
Q

An alteration within the anterior pituitary that decreases the secretion of thyroid hormone would be termed a ________ disorder.

A

secondary secretion

77
Q

Acromegaly is caused by a(n) (increase / decrease) in growth hormone in adults.

A

increase

78
Q

A hormone is ________ when a second hormone is required for the first hormone to have any activity.

A

permissive

79
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down insulin in target cells?

A

insulin-degrading enzyme

80
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down insulin in kidney cells?

A

insulin-degrading enzyme

SS103 - Physiology (6 decks)

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