Chapter 8: Synaptic Transmission & Neural Integration Flashcards
For cells that communicate by electrical synapses, the message travels between cells via ________.
gap junctions
Which of the following statements about synapses is FALSE?
Neurotransmitters can move from one cell to another through gap junctions at an electrical synapse.
Which of the following statements about electrical synapses is FALSE?
All electrical synapses provide for bi-directional communication.
The chemical synapse is bounded by the ________ neuron, from which neurotransmitters are released across the synaptic cleft, to the ________ neuron, where the receptors for that neurotransmitter are located.
presynaptic : postsynaptic
What type of synapse occurs between an axon terminal of one neuron and the axon from another neuron?
axoaxonic synapse
What type of synapse occurs between an axon terminal of one neuron and the cell body of another neuron?
axosomatic synapse
The neurotransmitter that is released from the presynaptic neuron must diffuse across the ________ to reach the postsynaptic neuron.
synaptic cleft
What type of ion channels are necessary for the function of the axon and the axon terminal?
voltage-gated
Synaptic vesicles store ________.
neurotransmitter
Most neurotransmitters are synthesized in what region of a neuron?
cytosol
Neurotransmitter release occurs by what mechanism?
exocytosis
Voltage-gated calcium channels in the axon terminal open in response to which of the following?
arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal
The influx of calcium into the axon terminal of a chemical synapse is responsible for which of the following?
fusion of vesicles to the membrane and of exocytosis neurotransmitter
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism whereby neurotransmitters are rapidly removed from the synaptic cleft?
transport back up the axon to be immediately repackaged
Neurotransmitters can be reused through the process of ________, where neurotransmitters are transported across the presynaptic membrane.
reuptake
The extent of neurotransmitter binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane is determined primarily by which of the following?
the concentration of neurotransmitter
The synaptic delay is caused by the time required for which step of neurotransmitter release?
calcium entry to trigger exocytosis
What type of receptor is responsible for the rapid opening of ion channels in response to the interaction between the ligand and receptor?
ionotropic receptor
The opening of ion channels that is stimulated by the binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor on a neighboring neuron, and the subsequent movement of ions across that membrane, describes the development of which of the following?
postsynaptic potential
The rapid change in membrane potential that occurs when a ligand binds to an ionotropic receptor is caused by which of the following?
the presence of one protein that functions as both an ionotropic receptor and an ion
channel
Synaptic potentials are produced at what type of synapse?
axo-dendritic and axo-somatic synapses only
At ionotropic receptors, a(n) ________.
neurotransmitter binding to a receptor opens channels that are a part of the same protein
as the receptor
Presynaptic modulation occurs at what type of synapse?
axo-axonic
Metabotropic receptor-induced gating of ion channels requires more time to occur because of which of the following?
their gating is linked to a G protein