Chapter 9 Study Questions (Part 1) Flashcards
what are the four lobes of the cerebrum? (5)
- prefrontal lobe
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe
more neurons = ? = ?
more neuronal circuits = greater capacity for complex behavior
where is the primary center for subconscious coordination of motor activity?
cerebellum
where are the cardiac and respiratory control centers?
brain stem (medulla?)
what is the significance of the thalamus?
interpretation and relay system
“call screening” for all senses except smell!
parkinson’s disease occurs when the neurotransmitter _____ is either: not produced or produced in too low of amounts by the basal nuclei?
dopamine
what is a link between synuclein and parkinson’s?
misfolded neuronal alpha-synuclein protein may be a cause of Parkinson’s
what clinical study is currently underway towards developing a test to detect parkinson’s disease?
alpha-synuclein assay to screen for Parkinson’s.
what does the term biomarker mean?
a measurable substance whose presence is indicative of some phenomenon in the body
in order to become conscious of an outside stimulus, where in the brain does the signal have to be received?
cortex! visual, auditory, or somatosensory
explain the role of the Wernicke’s area for communication. where is Wernicke’s area located?
located in the temporal lobe.
interpret words/sounds (outside stimulus) and what they mean, to send to Broca’s
explain the role of Broca’s area for communication. where is it located?
located in the frontal lobe, works with the motor cortex
indicates the movements that are required for speech
explain the role of Geschwind territory for communication. give an example please.
process sound of a word + look/feel in order to comprehend what it is. for example, distinguishing between two types of apples, or red/yellow/green peppers
how do the symptoms differ between damage to the Wernicke’s area and the Broca’s area?
damage Wernicke’s:
you can pronounce words correctly, but cannot understand them or put together a response that makes sense
damage Broca’s: you can understand speech, but you can’t construct complex sentences, can’t form their words. scale of how well you can respond
1,2,3,4,5 on the brain chart?
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
cerebellum
where do you find this light sensitive ion channel?
green algae
why blue light?
because some channels are light sensitive, and blue is the color of light that this channel responds to
what areas are most agreed upon that make up the limbic system? (5)
thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus and olfactory bulb
how does an a-synuclein assay work?
- spinal fluid from Parkinson’s patient
- recombinant normal a-synuclein protein + fluorescent dye called THT
- if the patient CSF contains misfolded a-synuclein, it will misfold the control normal a-synuclein and the fluorescence signal will increase
what causes aphasia? what is aphasia?
inability to comprehend or formulate language.
damage to Wernicke’s, Broca’s or Geschwind through stroke or trauma
how to treat damage to Wernicke’s, Broca’s and Geschwind ? why?
speech therapy as soon as possible.
gets stimulus going as soon as possible.
what is Geschwind syndrom?
disconnect between sensory and Wernicke, for example, your hearing works, but you can’t understand the meaning of the words
what does Meynert’s classification of white matter explain? why ?
because white matter connects different brain regions, damage to one area can affect the other. may explain why we understand when someone says, “i’ve got a sweet plan!
