Chapter 9 Study Questions (Part 1)

Question 1

what are the four lobes of the cerebrum? (5)

Answer 1

1. prefrontal lobe
2. frontal lobe
3. parietal lobe
4. occipital lobe
5. temporal lobe

Question 2

more neurons = ? = ?

Answer 2

more neuronal circuits = greater capacity for complex behavior

Question 3

where is the primary center for subconscious coordination of motor activity?

Answer 3

cerebellum

Question 4

where are the cardiac and respiratory control centers?

Answer 4

brain stem (medulla?)

Question 5

what is the significance of the thalamus?

Answer 5

interpretation and relay system

“call screening” for all senses except smell!

Question 6

parkinson’s disease occurs when the neurotransmitter _____ is either: not produced or produced in too low of amounts by the basal nuclei?

Answer 6

dopamine

Question 7

what is a link between synuclein and parkinson’s?

Answer 7

misfolded neuronal alpha-synuclein protein may be a cause of Parkinson’s

Question 8

what clinical study is currently underway towards developing a test to detect parkinson’s disease?

Answer 8

alpha-synuclein assay to screen for Parkinson’s.

Question 9

what does the term biomarker mean?

Answer 9

a measurable substance whose presence is indicative of some phenomenon in the body

Question 10

in order to become conscious of an outside stimulus, where in the brain does the signal have to be received?

Answer 10

cortex! visual, auditory, or somatosensory

Question 11

explain the role of the Wernicke’s area for communication. where is Wernicke’s area located?

Answer 11

located in the temporal lobe.

interpret words/sounds (outside stimulus) and what they mean, to send to Broca’s

Question 12

explain the role of Broca’s area for communication. where is it located?

Answer 12

located in the frontal lobe, works with the motor cortex

indicates the movements that are required for speech

Question 13

explain the role of Geschwind territory for communication. give an example please.

Answer 13

process sound of a word + look/feel in order to comprehend what it is. for example, distinguishing between two types of apples, or red/yellow/green peppers

Question 14

how do the symptoms differ between damage to the Wernicke’s area and the Broca’s area?

Answer 14

damage Wernicke’s:

you can pronounce words correctly, but cannot understand them or put together a response that makes sense

damage Broca’s: you can understand speech, but you can’t construct complex sentences, can’t form their words. scale of how well you can respond

Question 15

1,2,3,4,5 on the brain chart?

Answer 15

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
cerebellum

Question 16

where do you find this light sensitive ion channel?

Answer 16

green algae

Question 17

why blue light?

Answer 17

because some channels are light sensitive, and blue is the color of light that this channel responds to

Question 18

what areas are most agreed upon that make up the limbic system? (5)

Answer 18

thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus and olfactory bulb

Question 19

how does an a-synuclein assay work?

Answer 19

• spinal fluid from Parkinson’s patient
• recombinant normal a-synuclein protein + fluorescent dye called THT
• if the patient CSF contains misfolded a-synuclein, it will misfold the control normal a-synuclein and the fluorescence signal will increase

Question 20

what causes aphasia? what is aphasia?

Answer 20

inability to comprehend or formulate language.

damage to Wernicke’s, Broca’s or Geschwind through stroke or trauma

Question 21

how to treat damage to Wernicke’s, Broca’s and Geschwind ? why?

Answer 21

speech therapy as soon as possible.

gets stimulus going as soon as possible.

Question 22

what is Geschwind syndrom?

Answer 22

disconnect between sensory and Wernicke, for example, your hearing works, but you can’t understand the meaning of the words

Question 23

what does Meynert’s classification of white matter explain? why ?

Answer 23

because white matter connects different brain regions, damage to one area can affect the other. may explain why we understand when someone says, “i’ve got a sweet plan!