Chapter 9 - Stress Management

Question 1

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 1

body’s response to increased demand
initial adaptive response = “fight or flight”
prolonged stress = maladaptive responses

Question 2

Acute stress Data

Fight or Flight

Answer 2

apprehension
unhappiness or sorrow
decreased appetite
increase RR, HR, CO, BP
increased metabolism and glucose use
depressed immune system

Question 3

Prolonged stress data

Maladaptive response

Answer 3

chronic anxiety or panic attacks
depression, chronic pain, sleep disturbances
weight gain or loss
increased risk for MI or stroke
poor diabetes control, hypertension, fatigue, irritability, decreased ability to concentrate
increased risk for infection

Question 4

Stress screening tools

Answer 4

Holmes and Rahe scale measure Life Change Units and Lazarus’s Cognitive Appraisal

Question 5

Nursing Care

Cognitive techniques

Answer 5

Cognitive reframing - irrational thoughts are restructured into positive

Question 6

Nursing Care

Behavioral relaxation techniques

Answer 6

meditation
guided imagery
breathing exercises
progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)
physical exercise

Question 7

Nursing Care

Behavioral techniques

Answer 7

journal writing
priority restructuring
biofeedback - sensitive mechanical device assists voluntary control of autonomic functions (HR/BP)
mindfulness
assertiveness training