Chapter 9 - Racial and ethnic Differentiation

Question 1

Racial group

Answer 1

A socially constructed category of people distinguished from each other by select characteristics. At first created to define people’s origin of birth but now is socially defined and not very accurate.

Question 2

Ethnical Groups

Answer 2

Socially defined Groups categorized by cultural traits that reflect national origin, religion, and language. (Some examples can be Hispanic, but can be broken down to subcultures like Mexicans, Cubans, Spaniards, Central Americans, etc.)

Question 3

Minority Groups

Answer 3

A group that is subordinate to a group with power in terms of distribution of social power, defined by some physical or some cultural characteristics, and usually but not always smaller in number than the dominant group.

Question 4

Stereotypes

Answer 4

Exaggerated beliefs about certain groups that often point out negative characteristics, behaviors, flaws that seldom have much truth. Also helps us categorize and evaluate our perceptions of people but are more often negative and not much use.

Question 5

Prejudice

Answer 5

A perceived attitude or judgement either good or bad about another group that usually involves negative stereotypes.

Question 6

Scapegoating

Answer 6

A psychological explanation for prejudice that involves blaming another person or group for one’s own problems.

Question 7

Projecting

Answer 7

A psychological explanation for prejudice where someone projects their own problems and responsibilities to blame for failures, usually blamed on minority groups.

Question 8

Frustration Aggression theory

Answer 8

A theory that involves projection, when a group fails to achieve goals repeatedly it needs to vent. Through projection on another group they justify prejudice behavior.

Question 9

Authoritarian Personality theory

Answer 9

A theory that prejudice behavior is expressed by people with authoritarian personality types and not other types of personality types.

Question 10

Discrimination

Answer 10

To single out and exclude someone from certain rights, privileges and opportunities based on their membership to a specific group.

Question 11

Institutional discrimination

Answer 11

When a whole institution discriminate against a group of people based on laws they have created for their own members ( like Catholics and gay people).

Question 12

Racism

Answer 12

Is a belief that one racial group is inherently superior to all others and includes prejudice and discrimination based on those beliefs. Their ideology also justifies their prejudice behavior to oppress all other groups and tries to influence others to do the same.

Question 13

Institutional Racism

Answer 13

When racist ideas and practices are embodied in folkways, mores, and legal structures of whole institutions.

Question 14

Integration

Answer 14

Happens when everyone in the whole community or area can participate freely in all opportunities, benefits, and. Structures of a community.

Question 15

Assimilation

Answer 15

When a group disengages from their own cultural ideals and inherits other ideals based on the present situation and culture present.

Question 16

Social distance

Answer 16

A term used by sociologists to measure the distance between different cultures degree of intimacy and assimilation

Question 17

2 models of conformity in the US

Answer 17

1) Melting pot - A+B+C=D
Or
2) Conformity - A+B+C=A

Question 18

Amalgamation

Answer 18

A process in which different racial or ethnic groups form a new group through interbreeding or intermarriage. (Example: the people who make up Chinatown who live in America but keep to themselves almost completely)

Question 19

Cultural Pluralism or Multiculturalism

Answer 19

When many cultures live in the same area but all keep their same cultural ideals and customs.
A+B+C=A+B+C

Question 20

Segregation

Answer 20

The physical separation of a group of people.

Question 21

De Jur Segregation

Answer 21

Legal segregation of children to schools of their own race.

Question 22

De facto segregation

Answer 22

Segregation of children in schools based on where they live, where white and blacks live already separated.

Question 23

Mass expulsion

Answer 23

The practice of expulsion to a whole racial or ethnic group from their homeland.

Question 24

Genocide

Answer 24

The practice of intentionally destroying a whole ethnic or racial group.

Question 25

Ethnic Antagonism

Answer 25

Mutual opposition, conflict, or hostility among ethnic groups.

Question 26

Displacement

Answer 26

A processes that occurs with split labor markets where higher paid workers are replaced with lower paid ones.

Question 27

Radicalism

Answer 27

Where all workers unite to pressure large corporations to pay the higher wages to every worker hired.