Chapter 5 - Social Structure, Groups and Organizations

Question 1

Status Set

Answer 1

A set of statuses an individual will hold at a given time. (Example: When at home @4:30 pm I am an American, Salvadorian, Father, Husband, son in law, uncle.)

Question 2

Master Status

Answer 2

A particular status that stands out among all the others you occupy and shapes how you and others view you. (Example: Doctors are seen with lots of respect to patients and themselves.)

Question 3

Roles

Answer 3

Different expectations of behavior associated to a status. One status has a set of roles (role sets) to define it. (Example: Father (status), is caring, nurturing, understanding, (roles)).

Question 4

Prescribed Role

Answer 4

Roles assigned to a status by society.

Question 5

Role perception

Answer 5

Our own individual perception of a certain role.

Question 6

Role Performance

Answer 6

The difference between prescribed role and our own role perception. (How a person behaves in contrast to how society thinks they should act.

Question 7

Status

Answer 7

A socially defined position that an individual occupies.

Question 8

Role Ambiguity

Answer 8

When expectations associated with a particular social status are unclear.

Question 9

Role Strain

Answer 9

Results from a single role overload or from contradictory demands placed on a given status. (Example: roles of a student having to get straight A’s is a strain on having to study a lot.)

Question 10

Role conflict

Answer 10

When two or more roles of different statuses contradict each other. (example: When teens want to be good and please their parents but also want to please their friends who want to do bad things.)

Question 11

Pattern Variables

Answer 11

Sets of contrasting role expectations regarding judgement, emotions, depth of the relationship, self or collective focus and The extent to which ascribed or achieved statuses guide the relationship. (how much feeling importance you’re going to give someone).

Question 12

Universalism vs Particularism

Answer 12

How much favoritism you will be giving to someone.

Universalism - How you would treat EVERYONE!! Not treating anyone differently. (Teachers and Students)

Particularism - Showing favor to someone. (Parent and child)

Question 13

Affective neutrality vs Affectivity (instrumentalism vs emotion)

Answer 13

The amount of emotion that will be given to a relationship

Affective neutrality - showing no emotion (Doctor to patient)

Affectivity - Showing lots of emotion (Husband to Wife).

Question 14

Specificity vs diffuseness

Answer 14

How much focus, scope, purpose, you will put into a relationship

Specificity - narrow range of subjects (a doctor needed for health)

Diffuseness (spreading) - Wide range of subjects (Friends can be there for advice on any subject, love, health, entertainment, etc…)

Question 15

Self orientation vs Collective Orientation

Answer 15

How much interest is going to be on ourselves or the group

Self orientation - (I will vote on what I want)

Collective Orientation - (making a decision like to work overtime to help the group finish a project.)

Question 16

Ascription vs achievement

Answer 16

A relationship that has been achieved or born into.

Ascription - The way you would treat your mother because she is your mother.

Achievement - the way you would treat a friend that has earned respect and love.

Question 17

Social group

Answer 17

A group where two or more people physically or socially interact.

Question 18

Social Group

Answer 18

A group of people where you socialize and interact with each other. (Example: soccer team, classmates, family, church group)

Question 19

Non-social group

Answer 19

A group where no one is social or interacting, like statistical group or categorical group. (Stuck in a traffic jam you would be in the group of people stuck in traffic). (In studies you are in a grouped based on your race, gender, age. You don’t know who else is in the group but you are considered part of it.)

Question 20

Limited social groups

Answer 20

Aggregate groups - where people are together in a place but interact very little and sporadically (line at a store).
Associational or organizational groups- A group of people who join together to pursue a common interest in an organized formal structured way (church, Walk for cancer- don’t necessarily know all of them).

Question 21

Social group

Answer 21

Involves the following 1) some type of interaction, 2) a sense of belonging or membership, 3) shared interests or agreement to norms and goals, 4) a structure that is definable. (Soccer team -1) play together, 2) joined a team, 3) to win games, 4) game rules, practice rules. )

Question 22

Primary Group

Answer 22

Small informal groups of people who interact in a personal, direct, and intimate way. (Family, friends)

Question 23

Secondary Group

Answer 23

A group whose members interact in a impersonal manner, have few emotional ties, and come together for a specific purpose (group of students, coworkers)

Question 24

In group

Answer 24

Anyone in your group

Question 25

Out group

Answer 25

Anyone not in your group (not cool people)

Question 26

relative deprivation

Answer 26

Feeling deprived of something on a comparative basis. (When you don’t get a raise compared to other workers doing the same thing as you.)

Question 27

6 changes when groups increase in size

Answer 27

1) Members interactions
2) Division of labor
3) Structure becomes more rigid and formal
4) need of formal leadership increases
5) communication patterns change
6) group cohesion decreases

Question 28

Instrumental Leaders

Answer 28

Leaders who direct people and makes group decisions. Goal oriented.

Question 29

Expressive leaders

Answer 29

Resolve conflicts and create group harmony and social cohesion.

Question 30

Institutions

Answer 30

A stable cluster of values, norms, statuses, and roles that develops around a basic social goal.