Chapter 9 Psychology of Weight Loss Flashcards
1 Why are psychological factors important for weight loss?
Psychological factors are important for coping with stressful relationships.
Psychological factors can affect how a person with obesity thinks, feels, and acts when in situations that may lead to unhealthy behaviors.
Psychological factors tell the individual how many calories they should eat per day.
Psychological factors are not important for weight loss.
Psychological factors can affect how a person with obesity thinks, feels, and acts when in situations that may lead to unhealthy behaviors.
2 What are the five psychological factors that can affect weight loss?
Coping, Dieting, Emotion Regulation, Adherence, and Ambivalence
Coping, Dieting, Willpower, Adherence, and Self-Esteem
Coping, Dieting, Willpower, Adherence, and Ambivalence
Coping, Disinhibition, Willpower, Adherence, and Ambivalence
Coping, Dieting, Willpower, Adherence, and Ambivalence
3 What is coping?
The automatic and unconscious thoughts or actions an individual uses to resolve conflicts
Controlling emotions to manage stressful situations
The use of cognitive and behavioral strategies to deal with challenging situations and interpersonal conflict
The use of willpower to manage temptation and delay gratification
The use of cognitive and behavioral strategies to deal with challenging situations and interpersonal conflict
4 Which of the following are types of coping strategies a client may use to deal with challenging situations related to weight loss?
Active and passive
Seeking support and denial
Adaptive and maladaptive
Helpful and harmful
Adaptive and maladaptive
5 What are problem-focused coping strategies?
Coping strategies that are used to avoid the problem and rely on emotions instead
Coping strategies that are used when the individual believes they can take action to control the challenging situation or remove the stressor
Coping strategies that are used when the individual has no control of the stressor or situation
Coping strategies that use medications to manage the stressor
Coping strategies that are used when the individual believes they can take action to control the challenging situation or remove the stressor
6 During a session, a client tells you that they do not like their current weight but it’s not their fault they are obese. Which coping strategy is this client using?
Denial
Self-protection
Personal attribution
Confirmation of negative stereotypes
Personal attribution
7 What percentage of adults who have ever been overweight or obese are able to maintain a weight loss of at least 15 to 20%?
Less than 10%
More than 60%
10 to 15%
0.2
Less than 10%
8 What are three key factors that influence weight loss?
Biological, social-environmental, and psychological
Nutrition, genetics, and age
Macronutrient composition, amount of activity, and gender
Type of activity, lifestyle, and environment
Biological, social-environmental, and psychological
9 Which of the following describes how to use behavioral modification strategies to support a client’s weight loss efforts?
Help clients identify strategies to eat more mindfully.
Help clients identify specific weight loss goals they would like to work on.
Help clients identify possible triggers in their home and work environment.
Partner with clients to identify a list of rewards to motivate them to continue to work toward weight loss goals.
Help clients identify strategies to eat more mindfully.
10 Which of the following statements would be most appropriate for providing a client feedback on their weight loss efforts?
I know you are trying hard to meet your goal. Your intake of vegetables is still lower than recommended, so try adding some to lunch as well.
You are really working hard to meet your weight loss goals.
You are doing really well trying to eat more vegetables.
Even though you had to work late every night, you have made a lot progress adding green vegetables to your dinner. That shows commitment.
Even though you had to work late every night, you have made a lot progress adding green vegetables to your dinner. That shows commitment.
11 What is self-efficacy?
An individual’s belief in their ability to achieve positive outcomes
An individual’s level of motivation to carry out a specific task in order to achieve a desired outcome
An individual’s level of confidence to engage in a behavior
An individual’s belief in their capabilities to carry out a specific task in order to achieve a desired outcome
An individual’s belief in their capabilities to carry out a specific task in order to achieve a desired outcome
12 What is willpower?
The ability to exert self-control and resist short-term temptations in order to achieve long-term goals
An unconscious mental process an individual engages in when making decisions
An individual’s innate ability to delay gratification
The ability to display emotional restraint in tempting situations
The ability to exert self-control and resist short-term temptations in order to achieve long-term goals
13 How does weight stigmatization affect willpower in persons with obesity?
It increases willpower and self-efficacy to engage in healthy behaviors.
It has no effect on willpower.
It lowers willpower but increases the likelihood of engaging in adaptive thoughts and behaviors.
It lowers willpower and increases the likelihood of maladaptive thoughts and behaviors.
It lowers willpower and increases the likelihood of maladaptive thoughts and behaviors.
14 Which factors affect decision fatigue?
The complexity of the decision, the reason the decision is being made, and the time of day
The complexity of the decision and whether others are present when the decision is being made
The number and complexity of the decisions, the individual’s coping skills, and if the decision is emotionally draining
The amount of willpower the person possesses and the number of decisions
The number and complexity of the decisions, the individual’s coping skills, and if the decision is emotionally draining
15 How does decision fatigue affect an individual’s decision making?
They have a tendency to rely on others to make the decision.
It has no effect.
They are more likely to use problem-solving strategies to make decisions.
They have a tendency to choose the simplest option rather than the best option.
They have a tendency to choose the simplest option rather than the best option.
16 What is the purpose of asking a client why they did not choose a lower number when using the rulers?
It will help the client start to develop realistic strategies to move closer to their goal.
It lets the client talk about the positive reasons why they are motivated to reach their goals.
It lets the client talk about the barriers to changing.
It shows the reasons why the client is still ambivalent to change.
It lets the client talk about the positive reasons why they are motivated to reach their goals.
17 What are some strategies clients can use to minimize the negative effects of decision fatigue and ego depletion?
Plan ahead, eliminate unnecessary decisions, prioritize important decisions early, and not be hungry or tired when making decisions.
Plan ahead, make the decision quickly, and eliminate unnecessary decisions.
Make the decision quickly, ask others to help make the decision, and make the decision before eating a meal.
Wait until the end of the day to make the decision, list all the possible outcomes of the decision, and make the decision quickly.
Plan ahead, eliminate unnecessary decisions, prioritize important decisions early, and not be hungry or tired when making decisions.
18 What is a habit?
Automatic behaviors that are created through a simple neurological loop
A conscious decision an individual makes to engage in daily behaviors
A single behavior performed by an individual to achieve a goal
A biological reflex such as breathing
Automatic behaviors that are created through a simple neurological loop
19 What are the three parts of a habit?
Cue, Routine, and Motivation
Cue, Routine, and Reward
Willpower, Routine, and Reward
Cue, Self-Control, and Reward
Cue, Routine, and Reward
20 During a session, a client tells you that they are having a hard time keeping up with their fitness routine because they lose track of time when a notification from their Facebook account pops up on their phone. What type of cue is the client experiencing?
Other people
Location-based
Time-based
Preceding event
Preceding event
21 Why is the reward an important part of the habit loop?
It provides short-term external motivation to break a bad habit.
It signals completion of a habit.
It provides the positive reinforcement to continue a routine and make the habit automatic.
It triggers the behavior the individual wants to change.
It provides the positive reinforcement to continue a routine and make the habit automatic.
22 What are implementation intentions?
A coping strategy an individual uses to manage negative emotions associated with the fear of changing
A counseling technique to help clients talk about their intentions to change
A self-regulation strategy that uses if-then statements to help individuals achieve goals in the face of obstacles
A coping strategy an individual uses when they are unsure if they want to change
A self-regulation strategy that uses if-then statements to help individuals achieve goals in the face of obstacles
23 You would like to use an implementation intention plan with a client who is trying to break the habit of mindlessly eating in front of the TV. Which statement would be most appropriate for the “if” part of the statement?
Call a friend.
I am alone and watching TV at night.
Read a magazine.
Feel more relaxed.
I am alone and watching TV at night.
24 What is mental contrasting?
A visualization exercise that helps individuals focus on the goals that are most important to them by letting go of those that may be unachievable
An exercise that asks the individual to state positive affirmations about why they want to achieve their goals
A visualization exercise that asks the individual to imagine what might happen if they don’t achieve their goal
An exercise that has the individual write down what they expect the outcomes of goal completion would be
A visualization exercise that helps individuals focus on the goals that are most important to them by letting go of those that may be unachievable
25 What is adherence?
Passively following advice and treatments given by providers
Following the agreed on plan, advice, or treatment that was discussed by the person and the provider
An individual’s level of motivation to change behaviors
An individual’s attitude toward making changes to improve their health
Following the agreed on plan, advice, or treatment that was discussed by the person and the provider
26 What percentage of individuals with chronic conditions adhere to recommended dietary guidelines?
75%
50%
33%
Less than 10%
50%
27 Which factors determine whether an individual will be adherent to dietary recommendations?
Knowledge and motivation
Psychological and demographic characteristics (e.g., age and gender)
Demographic characteristics (e.g., age and gender) and social-environmental
Psychological and social-environmental
Psychological and social-environmental
28 A client wants to begin a new eating plan before the holidays begin so they don’t gain weight. What strategy would you recommend to the client to help them adhere with the new eating plan?
Dietary self-monitoring
Identifying a peer that could remind them to follow the eating plan
Limiting food choices
Creating a reward system to incentivize the client to stick to the eating plan
Dietary self-monitoring
29 How can having unrealistic expectations about weight loss affect individuals with obesity?
They have trouble making multiple, complex decisions.
They are less likely to be adherent to a weight loss program.
They have more willpower to resist temptations.
They have greater confidence in their ability to achieve their weight loss goals.
They are less likely to be adherent to a weight loss program.
30 What does the acronym SMART stand for?
Specific, Measurable, Appealing, Relevant, and Time-Bound
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound
Supportive, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time-Bound
Specific, Meaningful, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound
31 A client wants to lose weight by being more physically active. They recently made a goal to workout three times per week for 3 months. Is this a SMART goal?
No, the goal is not Specific. It does not state which type of exercises the client will do, for how long, and when they will do it.
No, the goal is not Achievable. The client won’t be able to work out three times per week for 3 months.
No, 3 months is too long a duration for a SMART goal.
Yes. This is a SMART goal.
No, the goal is not Specific. It does not state which type of exercises the client will do, for how long, and when they will do it.
32 What is ambivalence?
Feeling unconfident to make a specific behavior change
Feeling unmotivated to make a specific behavior change
Being indifferent toward a behavior change or outcome
Holding both positive and negative attitudes about a specific behavior change or outcome
Holding both positive and negative attitudes about a specific behavior change or outcome
33 What is motivational interviewing?
A person-centered counseling strategy that can help increase an individual’s self-efficacy and motivation to change by addressing ambivalence
A counseling method that uses different skills to tricking people into changing their behaviors
A person-centered method of educating people about the importance of changing their behaviors
A directive approach to help convince people to change their behaviors
A person-centered counseling strategy that can help increase an individual’s self-efficacy and motivation to change by addressing ambivalence
34 What are the four core skills of motivational interviewing?
Open-ended questions, acknowledgements, reflections, and summaries
Open-ended questions, advice, reflections, and summaries
Open-ended questions, affirmations, reflections, and summaries
Open-ended questions, affirmations, righting reflex, and summaries
Open-ended questions, affirmations, reflections, and summaries
35 What is mental contrasting?
An exercise that has the individual write down what they expect the outcomes of goal completion would be
A visualization exercise that asks the individual to imagine what might happen if they don’t achieve their goal
A visualization exercise that helps individuals focus on the goals that are most important to them by letting go of those that may be unachievable
An exercise that asks the individual to state positive affirmations about why they want to achieve their goals
A visualization exercise that helps individuals focus on the goals that are most important to them by letting go of those that may be unachievable
