Chapter 7 Nutrition and Supplementation

Question 1

1 According to the National Weight Control Registry, what change did every participant make to successfully maintain weight loss?
They increased the amount of time spent exercising.
They limited the amount of food eaten.
They found out what worked for them; there was no universal change.
They limited their intake of certain foods.

Answer 1

They found out what worked for them; there was no universal change.

Question 2

2 Which macronutrient provides the most calories per gram?
Carbohydrate
Fat
Alcohol
Protein

Answer 2

Fat

Question 3

3 Which food is a great example of the importance of the food matrix in calorie availability?
Fruits
Nut butters
Meats
Nuts

Answer 3

Nuts

Question 4

4 Most clients seeking to lose weight are truly interested in losing what?
Muscle
Bone
Weight
Fat

Answer 4

Fat

Question 5

5 What is the predominant macronutrient that supports the growth and maintenance of muscle tissue?
Protein
Carbohydrate
Alcohol
Fat

Answer 5

Protein

Question 6

6 Which of the following has not been linked to higher protein diets in overweight and obese adults?
Greater fat loss
Greater satiety
Less muscle loss
Reduced metabolic rate

Answer 6

Reduced metabolic rate

Question 7

7 What relatively common condition characterized by muscle loss afflicts much of the older adult population?
Dementia
Sarcopenia
Frailty
Cardiovascular disease

Answer 7

Sarcopenia

Question 8

8 What is the name of the model positing that carbohydrates and the insulin response they evoke is the cause of obesity?
Carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity
Glucose-insulin model of obesity
Carbohydrate-glucose model of obesity
Glycemic model of obesity

Answer 8

Carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity

Question 9

9 Which line of evidence does not refute the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity?
Low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets have similar effects on fat loss and energy expenditure.
Insulin aids in the storage of body fat.
Indigenous societies relying on carbohydrates are lean.
Dietary fat is the most consistently fattening macronutrient.

Answer 9

Insulin aids in the storage of body fat.

Question 10

10 What is the number one lifestyle determinant for the drive to eat?
Alcohol use
Being sedentary
Watching TV
Sleep loss

Answer 10

Alcohol use

Question 11

11 Which is NOT a reason alcohol directly interferes with weight loss?
It increases appetite.
It can help with socialization.
It is rich in calories.
It facilitates fat storage.

Answer 11

It can help with socialization.

Question 12

12 Thirst is not a reliable indicator of hydration status for which clients?
Older adults
Men
Young adults
Women

Answer 12

Older adults

Question 13

13 What color urine indicates optimal hydration status?
Burnt orange
Transparent
Amber
Lemonade

Answer 13

Lemonade

Question 14

14 More than half of the general population doesn’t meet the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for how many vitamins and minerals?
7
5
9
3

Answer 14

7

Question 15

15 Which of the following can help supplement a healthy diet to overcome triage theory and nutrient deficiencies in obese clients?
Multivitamin
Fat soluble vitamins
Magnesium
Mineral water

Answer 15

Multivitamin

Question 16

16 Fat soluble vitamins are often lower in obese individuals for what reason?
Metabolic dysfunction
Sequestered into fat tissue
Metabolized more quickly
Obese individuals have larger requirements.

Answer 16

Sequestered into fat tissue

Question 17

17 A shortfall of fat soluble vitamins is problematic for what primary reason?
Causes fat gain
Exacerbates metabolic dysfunction
Increases appetite
Reduces energy expenditure

Answer 17

Exacerbates metabolic dysfunction

Question 18

18 Water soluble vitamins include which of the following?
C + D
B + A
C + B
E + B

Answer 18

C + B

Question 19

19 For which mineral does more than 50% of the general population fail to meet the EAR?
Sodium
Iron
Calcium
Zinc

Answer 19

Calcium

Question 20

20 Supplementing with calcium aids fat loss by which mechanism?
Reduces appetite
Improves bone density
Increases energy expenditure
Increases fecal fat excretion

Answer 20

Increases fecal fat excretion

Question 21

21 What is the most important aspect of any weight loss diet plan?
Protein content
Nutrient density
Whole foods
Adherence

Answer 21

Adherence

Question 22

22 The DASH diet was originally designed to address which health condition?
Neurodegeneration
High blood lipids
High blood pressure
Obesity

Answer 22

High blood pressure

Question 23

23 The Mediterranean diet is one of the most well-researched diets for what health condition?
Kidney disease
Type 2 diabetes
Obesity
Cardiovascular disease

Answer 23

Cardiovascular disease

Question 24

24 The ketogenic diet involves restricting which macronutrient?
Carbohydrate
Protein
Alcohol
Fat

Answer 24

Carbohydrate

Question 25

25 How does the carnivore diet impact the microbiome? By restricting dietary carbohydrate By eating more meat By restricting dietary fiber By avoiding grains and legumes

Answer 25

By restricting dietary fiber

Question 26

26 What is the carnivore diet? A high-carbohydrate variation of the ketogenic diet A high-fat variation of the ketogenic diet A high protein variation of the ketogenic diet An omnivorous diet that focuses on meat

Answer 26

A high protein variation of the ketogenic diet

Question 27

27 Vegan diets lead to a spontaneous reduction in what? Processed food Skeletal muscle Energy intake and body weight Water weight

Answer 27

Energy intake and body weight

Question 28

28 How can you circumvent lean tissue loss when following a rapid weight loss plan? Consumption of adequate fat Consumption of adequate fiber Consumption of adequate protein Consumption of adequate carbohydrate

Answer 28

Consumption of adequate protein

Question 29

29 What is the most important aspect of ensuring long-term weight loss success with a very-low calorie diet? Eating adequate protein Establishing long-term healthy eating habits Ensuring adequate nutrient intake Adopting a vegan diet

Answer 29

Establishing long-term healthy eating habits

Question 30

30 Alternate day fasting is superior to daily calorie restriction for which outcome? Hunger Muscle growth Weight loss Energy expenditure

Answer 30

Weight loss

Question 31

31 How does caffeine increase alertness in the brain? Increases the action of adenosine Gives energy Stabilizes adenosine signaling Blocks the action of adenosine

Answer 31

Blocks the action of adenosine

Question 32

32 Consuming 250 to 400 mg of caffeine from coffee can increase metabolic rate by how much over 2.5 hours afterward? 5 to 6% 15 to 20% 10 to 12% 7 to 10%

Answer 32

10 to 12%

Question 33

33 5-HTP is made from what amino acid and serves as the precursor to which neurotransmitter? Tryptophan; serotonin Tryptophan; dopamine Tyrosine; serotonin Tyrosine; dopamine

Answer 33

Tryptophan; serotonin

Question 34

34 Fish oil is a concentrated source of which fatty acids? LA and ARA EPA and ARA EPA and DHA ALA and DHA

Answer 34

EPA and DHA