Chapter 9 Printing Flashcards
what is printing?
Printing is application of dyes, pigments or other chemicals to produce design on fabrics, yarns
print paste
*thickened dyes or pigments used for printing
Printing Methods
Hand: labor intensive
Machine /mechanized: for mass production
had printing
Block and screen
Tie dye, Ikat, Batik
Block print
Wood or other carved material used to stamp design on fabric
Size of the repeat pattern limited by size of the black
Commonly used for cotton, silk, wool and jute and rayon
screen printing
Print paste is forced through mesh areas of a printing screen by a squeegee mech screen
Hand-Screen Printing
used by ancient cultures, still used today
Print paste pressed through a fine screen to apply a design Section of screen blocks color to pass through Print paste contains dye or pigment paste plus thickener
Mechanized printing types
Roller
Screen (flat bed, rotary)
Heat transfer
Other techniques
Automatic-Screen Printing
To print wide width of fabric
Fabric rests on conveyor belt and is mechanically advanced from screen to screen
Method not suitable for diagonal and vertical lines
– fabric is moved to the screens on a wide rubberized belt
Intermittent not continuous process
*Rotary-Screen Printing
fabric is moved on a wide rubber belt under continually in motion rotary-screen cylinders
Most common and cost effective method
Used to print variety of fabrics-including knits
1-16 colours, half tones patterns, vertical and diagonal lines can be printed
Roller Printing
high-speed process in which design transferred to fabric by copper engraved rollers
Heat-Transfer Printing
(thermal- transfer printing) – design is printed on transfer paper, then pressed onto fabric
Requires applying heat and pressure
Used to print polyester fabric with disperse dyes
Environmentally friendly
disperse dyes
the only dyes for heat-transfer printing
digital printing
Microdrops of liquid ink are applied through tiny nozzles into the fabric surface
*Used for office printing on paper
*Recently being used for textiles
steps to Setting the Color in Screen and Roller Printing
aging
curling
wet print
dry prints
aging
exposing dye printed fabric to boiling steam
*Curing
fabric subjected to dry heat resin in the pigment
wet prints
fabrics printed with dyes
dry print
fabric printed with pigments
Colorfastness
how long the color will last
wet on dry
second color is printed on top of a previously printed color when the first color is dry
Wet-on-Wet Effect
second color is printed directly over a first color that is still wet
fall on
third color from the two printed colors become mixed
halftone
gradual shading from light to dark in the same color of a pattern
Strike off
sample of first several sample yards printed for approval
6 basic types of prints
direct, over, discharge, resist, pigmint, and dry prints
Direct Prints
design is printed directly onto a white cloth
Overprint
design printed over a previously dyed fabric
Discharge Prints
fabric is piece-dyed a solid color, then the fabric design is printed onto the fabric using bleaching agent
Resist Prints
pattern is printed on white fabric with a chemical or wax resin, then fabric is piece dyed
*Same results as discharge prints
*Methods is reverse of discharge printing Tie and Dye: Fabric is tied to prevent dye penetration
pigmint prints
direct prints made with pigments
*Dry printing
process of pigment printing
the 11special types of prints
blotch, over, discharge, flock, warp, burn out, duplex, engineered prints. flocking. and mechanical, electrostatic flocking.
Blotch Prints
background color created by printing not piece dyeing
Background and pattern printed simultaneously
Over Print
Pattern printed on previously dyed fabric
Discharge print:
Color removed to create design
*Flock Prints
tiny particles of fiber flock adhered to fabric in a design
Gives raised effect
Mechanical flocking
fiber flock is sifted onto fabric its passing through flocking chamber, *Flock is embedded in a randomized manner
*Electrostatic flocking
flock particles are given an electrostatic charge
*Fibers upright upon adherence resulting in uniform and dense flock
Flocking
covers the entire fabric surface
warp prints
printing only the warp yarns before positioned on loom for weaving
*Burn-Out Prints
select fibers are removed from a fabric
Dissolve one type of fiber in a fabric that is manufactured with two fibers
*Duplex Prints
fabrics in which both sides of the fabric are printed
*Engineered Prints
prints of distinct designs in separate areas of the fabric
