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fabric science > Chapter 10 Finishing > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Finishing Flashcards

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1
Q

finishes:

A

Final processes of fabric treatment
Occurs after bleaching, dyeing and printing

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2
Q

the 4 Classification of Finishes

A

Permanent finishes, Durable finishes, Semidurable finishes, Temporary finishes

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3
Q

Permanent finishes

A

chemical change in fiber structure and do not change throughout life of a fabric

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4
Q

*Durable finishes

A

last throughout the life of the article, but become diminished after each cleaning

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5
Q

*Semidurable finishes

A

last through several launderings or dry cleanings can be renewable

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6
Q

*Temporary finishes

A

removed or substantially diminished the first time an article is laundered or dry cleaned

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7
Q

9 pretreatment. processes

A

*Pretreatment processes, *Boil-off, Scour (scouring), Desizing, *Solvent scouring, Carbonizing, *Singeing, bleaching, optical brighteners

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8
Q

Pretreatment processes

A

cleaning operations to remove soil and additives from weaving or knitting

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9
Q

Boil-off

A

cleaning cotton, cotton-blend, silk, and manufactured-fiber fabrics

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10
Q

Scour (scouring

A

cleaning woolens and worsteds

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11
Q

*Desizing

A

enzyme solutions dissolve warp starches

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12
Q

*Solvent scouring

A

dry cleaning to remove lubricating and softening oils

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13
Q

Carbonizing

A

removing leaf and grass particles from woolen and worsted fabrics

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14
Q

*Singeing

A

burning off projecting fibers or filament splinters

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15
Q

*Bleaching

A

fabrics may need bleach because natural fabrics are not white

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16
Q

*Optical brighteners

A

substance that absorbs ultraviolet light and emits blue

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17
Q

resin

A

chemicals applied as wet finishes
*Add stiffness to fabrics

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18
Q

purpose for resin finishes

A

Add stiffness to fabrics
*Retain shape
*Resist shrinkage in laundering
*Less moisture absorbent
*Reduce abrasion resistance, breaking strength, and tear strength
*Ethylene glycol helps eliminate fishlike odor
*Soil-release finishes alleviate resin’s affinity for oily soils

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19
Q

aesthetic finishes

A

change the appearance, drapability, and hand of fabrics

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20
Q

Calendering

A

process of pressing or ironing a fabric at high speed and under high pressure

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21
Q

6 forms of calendering

A

embossed, moire, schreiner caldering and fragrances, fulling and mercerization

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22
Q

*Embossed calendering

A

a produces three-dimensional design, gives a raised 3d effect

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23
Q

*Moiré Calendering

A

produces a wood-grain design or water mark
-Produced by passing ribbed weave fabric between rollers to flatten the ribs
- flattened ribs alter the way lights reflects

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24
Q

Schreiner calendering

A

produces a low, soft-key luster

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25
Q

Fragrances

A

can odor eliminators or gradually released fragrance

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26
Q

*Fulling

A

finish for smoother, more compact wool fabrics

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27
Q

*Mercerization

A

improves dye affinity and luster in cotton fabrics

28
Q

napping

A

mechanical finish resulting in raised fabrics on the face or on both sides
- wire hooks used to pull fibers from a low twist yarns to produce raised fabric surface

29
Q

*Sueding

A

finish producing suede like surface on the fabric

30
Q

plisse

A

finish and name of the fabric produced by applying chemicals that shrink the area
eg caustic soda paste to shrink cotton fabrics

31
Q

Seersucker

A

fabric with a lengthwise-striped puckered effect

32
Q

*Shearing

A

produces uniform napped and pile fabrics

33
Q

Softening

A

permanent chemical finish

34
Q

Stiffening

A

chemical finish to stiffen fabric such as crinoline and voile

35
Q

7 examples of napping & sueding

A

Plissé, seersucker, shearing, softening, stiffening

36
Q

*Stone washing

A

makes garments softer and look worn and faded

37
Q

Acid washing

A

bleaching process that actually no acid is used for

38
Q

Cellulase

A

enzyme to weaken cellulosic fiber

39
Q

15 Functional Finishes

A

Antimicrobial , *Antistatic, Crease-resistant (CRF), durable press, soil-release, stain release, use of fluororcarbons, ultra absorbent, flame resistant, moth proof, shrinkage control, relax and progressive shrinkage, durable press

40
Q

Functional finishes –

A

improve the performance properties of fabrics

41
Q

*Antimicrobial Finishes –

A

inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi

42
Q

Antistatic finishes –

A

reduce or eliminate static

43
Q

*Crease-resistant finishes (CRF) –

A

reduce wrinkling in apparel

44
Q

*Durable press –

A

provide ability to resist wrinkles or retain creases or pleats

45
Q

*Soil-release finishes –

A

chemical finishes for easy removal of oily soils

46
Q

Stain Release Finishes:

A

Makes it easier to remove stain and soil during laundry eg used on table napkins

47
Q

*Use of Fluorocarbons –

A

imparts a durable stain repellent and stain release property

48
Q

Ultraviolet-Absorbent Finish –

A

finishes with UV blockers and sun-protective chemicals to absorb UVR

49
Q

Flame-resistant finishes –

A

made from fibers that resist burning and modified manufactured fibers

50
Q

*Mothproof Finishes –

A

permanent chemical finish added at the time of dyeing

51
Q

*Shrinkage-Control Finishes –

A

all garment components need to be compatible shrinkage wise

52
Q

*Relaxation shrinkage –

A

occurs to fibers under tension when fabrics after they are made

53
Q

*Progressive shrinkage –

A

occurs each time a fabric is laundered

54
Q

*Precuring –

A

curing the fabric at the textile finishing plant

55
Q

*Post Curing –

A

curing the resin on a completed garment

56
Q

*Water repellents –

A

chemical finishes that resist the penetration of water

57
Q

*Nondurable repellents –

A

provide water resistance but are easily removed in laundering or dry cleaning

58
Q

*Durable water repellents –

A

some are durable only to laundering, some only to dry cleaning, and others to both

59
Q

*Repellent finish –

A

effectiveness depends on tightly constructed fabrics

60
Q

3 forms of Nonaqueous Finishing

A

*Foam-chemical finishing, *Solvent finishing, *Textile wet processing

61
Q

*Foam-chemical finishing –

A

concentrated finishing chemical solution and a foaming chemical

62
Q

*Solvent finishing –

A

used instead of water to form a solution resulting in decreased energy cost and reduced water pollution

63
Q

*Textile wet processing –

A

includes dyeing, printing, and finishing

64
Q

*Methods of fabric drying

A

*Dry cans
*Tenter frame

65
Q

*Nanotechnology

A

science of manipulating molecular structures

66
Q

examples of *Nanotechnology

A

*Water and oil repellency and stain resistance
*More rapid dyeing and longer lasting color
*Ultraviolet-absorbent
*Better moisture management

fabric science (7 decks)

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