Chapter 9: Political Parties Flashcards

1
Q

A process of cooperation through compromise

A

Bipartisanship

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2
Q

An election that represents a sudden, clear, and long-term shift in voter allegiances

A

Critical election

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3
Q

A condition in which one or more houses of the legislature is controlled by the party in opposition to the executive

A

Divided government

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4
Q

A system in which the winner of an election is the candidate who wins the greatest number of votes cast, also known as plurality voting

A

First-past-the-post

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5
Q

The manipulation of legislative districts in an attempt to favor a particular candidate

A

Gerrymandering

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6
Q

A type of election in which the winning candidate must receive at least 50 percent of the votes, even if a run-off election is required

A

Majoritarian voting

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7
Q

The legislative party with over half the seats in a legislative body, and thus significant power to control the agenda

A

Majority party

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8
Q

The legislative party with less than half the seats in a legislative body

A

Minority party

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9
Q

An individual who falls in the middle of the ideological spectrum

A

Moderate

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10
Q

Individuals who represent themselves in public as being part of a party

A

Party identifiers

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11
Q

The formal structure of the political party and the active members responsible for coordinating party behavior and supporting party candidates

A

Party organization

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12
Q

The collection of a party’s positions on issues it considers politically important

A

Party platform

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13
Q

The shift of a party positions from moderate towards ideological extremes

A

Party organization

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14
Q

A shifting of party alliances within the electorate

A

Party realignment

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15
Q

Party identifiers who have been elected to office and are responsible for fulfilling the party’s promises

A

Party-in-government

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16
Q

Members of the voting public who consider themselves part of a political party who consistently prefer the candidates of one party over the other

A

Party-in-the-electorate

17
Q

A political style that focuses on building direct relationships with voters rather than on promoting specific issues

A

Personal politics

18
Q

The election rule by which the candidate with the most votes win, regardless of vote share

A

Plurality voting

19
Q

An organization that secures votes for a party’s candidate or supports the party in other ways, usually in exchange for political favors such as a job in government

A

Political machine

20
Q

Organizations made up of groups of people with similar interests that try to directly influence public policy through their members who seek and hold public office

A

Political parties

21
Q

The lowest level of party organization, usually organized around neighborhoods

A

Precinct

22
Q

A party-based election tule in which the number of seats party receives is a function of the share of votes received in an election

A

Proportional representation

23
Q

The reallocation of House seats between the states to account for population changes

A

Reapportionment

24
Q

The redrawing of electoral maps

A

Redistricting

25
Q

A district drawn so members of a party can be assured of winning by a a comfortable margin

A

Safe seat

26
Q

The process in which voters change party allegiances in response to shifts in party position

A

Sorting

27
Q

Political parties formed as an alternative to the Republican and Democratic parties, also known as minor parties

A

Third parties

28
Q

A system in which two major parties win all or almost all elections

A

Two-party system

29
Q

CC

A party system is

A

The different historical eras as defined by which parties were active at the time.

30
Q

CC

How did the framers feel about parties?

A

They were afraid of parties

31
Q

CC

How many party systems have there been in US history?

A

5 or 6, depending on who you ask

32
Q

CC

Which of the following statements about third parties is true?

A

They almost never win, but they do matter

33
Q

CC

The goal of a political party is to

A

Win elections

34
Q

CC

Which of the following are reasons that parties exist?

A
  • To facilitate collective action in the electoral process
  • To facilitate policymaking
  • To deal with the problems of politicians’ ambition
35
Q

CC

Which of the following contains examples of what political parties actually do?

A

Recruit candidates and get out the vote

36
Q

CC

______ are held to choose candidates who will then run in the later general election.

A

Primary elections

37
Q

CC

In a(n)_______ you can only vote for the party for which you are registered.

A

Closed primary