Chapter 10: Interest Groups and Lobbying Flashcards

1
Q

Groups of companies or institutions that organize around a common set of concerns, often within a given industry or trade

A

Association

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2
Q

A political movement that resembles a grassroots movement but is often supported or facilitated by wealthy interests and/or elites

A

Astroturf movement

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3
Q

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission was a 2010 Supreme Court case that granted corporations and unions the right to spend unlimited amounts of money on elections

A

Citizens United

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4
Q

A good such as public safety or clean air, often produced by government, that is generally available to the population as a whole

A

Collective good

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5
Q

A lobbyist who works for a contract lobbying firm that represents clients before government

A

Contract lobbyist

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6
Q

The theory that an external event can lead to interest group mobilization

A

Disturbance theory

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7
Q

The belief that you make a difference and that government cares about you and your views

A

Efficacy

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8
Q

The proposition that wealthy and elite interests are advantaged over those without resources

A

Elite critique

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9
Q

The result when a large interest group develops diverging needs

A

Fragmentation

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10
Q

The situation that occurs when some individuals receive benefits (get a free ride) without helping to bear the cost

A

Free rider problem

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11
Q

A political movement that often begins from the bottom up, inspired by average citizens concerned about a given issue

A

Grassroots movement

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12
Q

An employee or executive within an organization who works as a lobbyist on behalf of the organization

A

In-house lobbyist

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13
Q

The act of contacting and taking the organization’s message directly to lawmakers in an attempt to influence policy

A

Inside lobbying

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14
Q

Three-way relationship among congressional committees, interests groups, and the bureaucracy

A

Iron triangle

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15
Q

A group of interest groups and people who work together to support a particular issue or policy

A

Issue network

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16
Q

A person employed by a governmental entity such as a local government, executive department, or university to represent the organization before the legislature

A

Legislative liaison

17
Q

A person who represents an organization before government in an attempt to influence policy

18
Q

Substantive monetary or physical benefits given to group members to help overcome collective action problems

A

Material incentives

19
Q

An interest group that usually consists of dues-paying members who organize around a particular cause or issue

A

Membership organization

20
Q

A person who suggests that all groups’ access and influence depend on the political environment

A

Neopluralist

21
Q

The act of lobbying indirectly by taking the organization’s message to the public, often through the use of the media and/or by issue press releases, in hopes that the public will then put pressure on lawmakers

A

Outside lobbying

22
Q

A benefit that generally accrues to a narrow segment of society

A

Particularized benefit

23
Q

A person who believes many groups healthily compete for access to decision-makers

24
Q

An interest group that seeks a public good, which is something that accrues to all

A

Public interest group

25
Benefits to overcome collective action problems that appeal to people's support of the issue or cause
Purposive incentives
26
Laws that require a cooling-off period before government officials can register to lobby after leaving office
Revolving door laws
27
Money that interests can spend on behalf of candidates without being restricted by federal law
Soft money
28
Benefits based on the concept that people like to associate with those who are similar to them
Solidary incentives
29
Sources—including fellow lawmakers, constituents, and interest groups—that lawmakers often use to help them decide how to vote, especially on unfamiliar issues
Voting cues
30
# CC An ___________ is an organized individuals that make policy-related appeals to government
Interest groups
31
# CC What are the 2 main things that interest groups do when they interact with the government?
shape policies, gather information to provide to elected officials
32
# CC A combination of interest groups, congress, and the bureaucracy is sometimes called what?
Iron triangle
33
The main argument in favor of interest groups has to do with ________.
Pluralism