Chapter 9: Plants and Plant Processes Flashcards
Plants
A Eukaryotic Autotroph that contains cell walls
Non-vascular plants
Plants that lack well developed systems for carrying water and minerals (most are low to the ground because they lack support)
Vascular plants
Plants that have well developed, tube-like structures that carry water and minerals around the plant (most are taller plants because they are supported by this structure)
Mosses
Diverse nonvascular plants that use rhizoids rather than roots to hold them in place
Ferns
Tall, Vascular plants that grow upwards from the ground while their roots burrow deeper into the earth
Phloem
A type of vascular tissue that transports food through the plant
Xylem
Another type of vascular tissue that moves water through the plant
Pollen
Tiny structures that allow plants to reproduce
Seeds
Develops after an egg cell is fertilized by pollen
Germination
When the embryo begins to break through the seed in its growth process
Fibrous root
Many tangled, similar sized roots (ex. grass, corn, etc
Taproot
A single, thick root with many small roots branching off of it (ex. carrot, dandelions, cacti)
Photosynthesis
The process where plants turn water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight into Glucose and oxygen
Gymnosperms
a cone bearing seed plant that produces seeds that are not enclosed by fruit or flowers (ex. conifers and ginkgoes)
Angiosperms
a seed plant that produces seeds that are enclosed in a fruit and produces a flower
Flower
the reproductive system of angiosperms
Fruit
a ripened ovary that contains and protects one or more seeds
What are the 3 major characteristics that all plants have in common
most are autotrophs, all are eukaryotes, and all have cell walls
understand the origin of plants
Scientist have compared chloroplasts of modern day plants to those of the past and found that plants have evolved from ancient algae
name two seedless non-vascular plants
(liverwort, hornwort, and some mosses)
name two seedless vascular plants
(ferns, horsetails, and club mosses)
name four things that plants provide for humans and other organisms
- food
- clothes
- shelter
- oxygen
do seed plants or seedless plants make up the majority of plants around us
seed plants
what is the function of an embryo
The embryo stores food in order to help the new organism grow
name four ways that seeds are dispersed
wind, water, weather, other organisms,
what are the 3 main functions of roots
soak up minerals and water, anchor the plant in the ground, SOMETIMES store food
what are the four main functions of stems
- carry substances between roots and leaves
- supports the plant
- stores food
- holds up leaves so they can get sunlight
what are the two different types of stems
herbaceous stems and woody stems
what are the different types of gymnosperms
Cycads, conifers, ginkgo
what is pollination, fertilization, reproductive processes between these plants, seed dispersal, gymnosperms and angiosperms and the uses for them
angiosperms are used to make clothing, meds, an textlies while gymnosperms are use for building, lumber, and paper production. pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male reprouctive system to the female one. the pollen fertilizes the egg sell making a seed.
compare and contrast angiosperms and Gymnosperms
gymnosperms are plants without flowers or fruit and angiosperms dont have cones
