Chapter 7: Bacteria and Viruses Flashcards
Bacteria
single celled microorganisms that cause diseases
aerobic
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrate
Anaerobic
Anaerobic means “without air”. Therefore, this type of cellular respiration does not use oxygen to produce energy
Flagella
a slender threadlike structure or a microscopic appendage
Fisson
reproduction by means of a cell or organism dividing by two or more new cells
Endospores
a asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria
Pathogen
a bacterium virus or other microorgansim that can cause disease
Antibiotics
meds that destroys microorganisms
Virus
an infective agent that has nucleic acids in a protein coat
Host
a host is a living organism that acts as a harbour for invading organisms
Latency
existing but not yet being developed
Immunity
the immune systems way of protecting the body against an infectious disease
Antibody
a protein made by white blood cells
Vaccine
(injected by needle) a substance used to stimulate immunity to a particular infectious disease or pathogen
what are the structures bacteria has
Flagellum (help the bacteria move), pili (help the bacteria stick the surface), and capsules (protects the cell)
three shapes of bacteria
spiral, sphere (cocci), rods (bacilli)
What is the average size of bacteria
1- 5 micrometers
How do bacteria obtain food
- they feed off dead organisms
- they feed off waste
- live on food and drinks we consume
- some use photosynthesis
how do bacteria breathe
bacteria breathe but not the way we do
Are bacteria helpful
most don’t harm you. some break down food and help fight off disease
how are bacteria helpful to the environment
- break down dead organisms
- breaks down food
- nitrogen fixation
- cleans up pollution in the environment
what are some issues that viruses have with antibiotics
over time viruses build up resistance to the antibiotic
what is food poisoning
over time bacteria reproduce, breaking down food and causing it to spoil
what is pasteurization and how does it work
the process of heating up food to kill harmful bacteria
what are common examples of viruses
HIV, rabies, chicken pox, flu, covid-19
what are four types of viruses (list them)
- cylinder
- sphere
- crystal
- bacteriophage
explain why a virus is not alive
viruses fail the test of what is and is not living. they simply do not have the characteristics that living things need to have
what is natural and acquired immunity
natural immunity happens when antibodies are passed from a mother to her kid
acquired immunity happens two ways:
1. vaccines
2. the person has already had the disease and their body has adapted to the virus
