Chapter 7: Bacteria and Viruses

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

single celled microorganisms that cause diseases

Question 2

aerobic

Answer 2

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrate

Question 3

Anaerobic

Answer 3

Anaerobic means “without air”. Therefore, this type of cellular respiration does not use oxygen to produce energy

Question 4

Flagella

Answer 4

a slender threadlike structure or a microscopic appendage

Question 5

Fisson

Answer 5

reproduction by means of a cell or organism dividing by two or more new cells

Question 6

Endospores

Answer 6

a asexual spore that develops inside some bacteria

Question 7

Pathogen

Answer 7

a bacterium virus or other microorgansim that can cause disease

Question 8

Antibiotics

Answer 8

meds that destroys microorganisms

Question 9

Virus

Answer 9

an infective agent that has nucleic acids in a protein coat

Question 10

Host

Answer 10

a host is a living organism that acts as a harbour for invading organisms

Question 11

Latency

Answer 11

existing but not yet being developed

Question 12

Immunity

Answer 12

the immune systems way of protecting the body against an infectious disease

Question 13

Antibody

Answer 13

a protein made by white blood cells

Question 14

Vaccine

Answer 14

(injected by needle) a substance used to stimulate immunity to a particular infectious disease or pathogen

Question 15

what are the structures bacteria has

Answer 15

Flagellum (help the bacteria move), pili (help the bacteria stick the surface), and capsules (protects the cell)

Question 16

three shapes of bacteria

Answer 16

spiral, sphere (cocci), rods (bacilli)

Question 17

What is the average size of bacteria

Answer 17

1- 5 micrometers

Question 18

How do bacteria obtain food

Answer 18

1. they feed off dead organisms
2. they feed off waste
3. live on food and drinks we consume
4. some use photosynthesis

Question 19

how do bacteria breathe

Answer 19

bacteria breathe but not the way we do

Question 20

Are bacteria helpful

Answer 20

most don’t harm you. some break down food and help fight off disease

Question 21

how are bacteria helpful to the environment

Answer 21

1. break down dead organisms
2. breaks down food
3. nitrogen fixation
4. cleans up pollution in the environment

Question 22

what are some issues that viruses have with antibiotics

Answer 22

over time viruses build up resistance to the antibiotic

Question 23

what is food poisoning

Answer 23

over time bacteria reproduce, breaking down food and causing it to spoil

Question 24

what is pasteurization and how does it work

Answer 24

the process of heating up food to kill harmful bacteria

Question 25

what are common examples of viruses

Answer 25

HIV, rabies, chicken pox, flu, covid-19

Question 26

what are four types of viruses (list them)

Answer 26

1. cylinder
2. sphere
3. crystal
4. bacteriophage

Question 27

explain why a virus is not alive

Answer 27

viruses fail the test of what is and is not living. they simply do not have the characteristics that living things need to have

Question 28

what is natural and acquired immunity

Answer 28

natural immunity happens when antibodies are passed from a mother to her kid

acquired immunity happens two ways:
1. vaccines
2. the person has already had the disease and their body has adapted to the virus