Chapter 9 : Physical and cognitive development in adolescence

Question 1

What is the storm-and-stress view

Answer 1

= adolescencs is a turbulent time charcged with conflict and mood swings

Question 2

puberty = adolescence?

Answer 2

no, for most of us, puberty ends long before the end of adolescence

puberty is the most imp marker of the beginning of adolescence

Question 3

What is puberty

Answer 3

= brain-neuroendocrine process
- occurs primarily in early adolescence
- provides stimulation for the rapid physical changes

Question 4

What r the most noticeable changes for puberty start

Answer 4

Signs of sexual maturation and increases in height and weight

Question 5

Order of male pubertal characteristics:

Answer 5

• Increase in penis and testicle size
• Appearance of straight pubic hair
• Minor voice change
• First ejaculation
• Appearance of kinky pubic hair
• onset of maximum growth in height and weight
• Armpit hair growth
• More detectable voice changes
• Facial hair growth

Question 6

Order of female puberty characteristics

Answer 6

• Breasts enlarge pr pubic hair appears
• armpit hair
  As these processes occur: height growth and hips become wider than shoulders
• Menarche : a girls first menstruation.

Question 7

Endocrine system’s role in puberty

Answer 7

Interaction of the hypothalamus, pituatry glands and and gonads

Question 8

What does the hypothalamus monitor

Answer 8

Eating and sex

Question 9

What does the pituitary gland control

Answer 9

Growth and regulates other glands

Question 10

What is gonads

Answer 10

Testes in males and ovaries in females

Question 11

What hormone is involved in boys dev of genitals, incr in height and change in voice

Answer 11

Testosterone

Question 12

What hormone is associated with breast, uterine and skeletal development in grils

Answer 12

Estradiol, a type of estrogen

Question 13

what can affect hormones

Answer 13

• stress
• eating patterns
• exercise
• sexual activity
• tension
• depress

Question 14

Things linked to earlier pubertal onset

Answer 14

• nutrition
• urban environment
• low ses
• father absence
• family conflict
• maternal harshness
• maltreatement
• early substance use

Question 15

What can early maturation do to girls

Answer 15

Increase vulnerability to a number of problems

• more likely to smoke and drink, be depressed, have an ED, have older frends

+ their bodies are likely to elicit responses from males that lead to earlier dating and earlier sexual experiences

Question 16

What did Mary Carskadon say about adolescents sleep

Answer 16

theorized that changes werent due to academic work and social pressures

suggests that adolescents biological clocks undergo a shift as they get older, delaying the end of thei period of wakefulness by about one hour = by a delay in nightly release of melatonin

Question 17

what are the three leading causes of death in adolescence

Answer 17

unintentional injuries (eg motor vehicles accidents) , homicide and suicide

Question 18

what are the two key components of adolescent egocentrism

Answer 18

Imaginery audience and personal fable

Question 19

What is adolescent egocentrism

Answer 19

heightened self-consciousness of adolescents

Question 20

What is the most important cognitive change in adolescence

Answer 20

Improvement in executive function

Question 21

What does executive function involve

Answer 21

It involves managing one’s thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and to exercise self-control

Question 22

What are two categories of executive function

Answer 22

Cool executive function and halt executive function

Question 23

What is the top dog phenomenon

Answer 23

Moving from being the oldest biggest and most powerful students in their elementary school to being the youngest smallest and least powerful students in their middle school