Chapter 9 : Physical and cognitive development in adolescence Flashcards
What is the storm-and-stress view
= adolescencs is a turbulent time charcged with conflict and mood swings
puberty = adolescence?
no, for most of us, puberty ends long before the end of adolescence
puberty is the most imp marker of the beginning of adolescence
What is puberty
= brain-neuroendocrine process
- occurs primarily in early adolescence
- provides stimulation for the rapid physical changes
What r the most noticeable changes for puberty start
Signs of sexual maturation and increases in height and weight
Order of male pubertal characteristics:
- Increase in penis and testicle size
- Appearance of straight pubic hair
- Minor voice change
- First ejaculation
- Appearance of kinky pubic hair
- onset of maximum growth in height and weight
- Armpit hair growth
- More detectable voice changes
- Facial hair growth
Order of female puberty characteristics
- Breasts enlarge pr pubic hair appears
- armpit hair
As these processes occur: height growth and hips become wider than shoulders - Menarche : a girls first menstruation.
Endocrine system’s role in puberty
Interaction of the hypothalamus, pituatry glands and and gonads
What does the hypothalamus monitor
Eating and sex
What does the pituitary gland control
Growth and regulates other glands
What is gonads
Testes in males and ovaries in females
What hormone is involved in boys dev of genitals, incr in height and change in voice
Testosterone
What hormone is associated with breast, uterine and skeletal development in grils
Estradiol, a type of estrogen
what can affect hormones
- stress
- eating patterns
- exercise
- sexual activity
- tension
- depress
Things linked to earlier pubertal onset
- nutrition
- urban environment
- low ses
- father absence
- family conflict
- maternal harshness
- maltreatement
- early substance use
What can early maturation do to girls
Increase vulnerability to a number of problems
- more likely to smoke and drink, be depressed, have an ED, have older frends
+ their bodies are likely to elicit responses from males that lead to earlier dating and earlier sexual experiences
What did Mary Carskadon say about adolescents sleep
theorized that changes werent due to academic work and social pressures
suggests that adolescents biological clocks undergo a shift as they get older, delaying the end of thei period of wakefulness by about one hour = by a delay in nightly release of melatonin
what are the three leading causes of death in adolescence
unintentional injuries (eg motor vehicles accidents) , homicide and suicide
what are the two key components of adolescent egocentrism
Imaginery audience and personal fable
What is adolescent egocentrism
heightened self-consciousness of adolescents
What is the most important cognitive change in adolescence
Improvement in executive function
What does executive function involve
It involves managing one’s thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and to exercise self-control
What are two categories of executive function
Cool executive function and halt executive function
What is the top dog phenomenon
Moving from being the oldest biggest and most powerful students in their elementary school to being the youngest smallest and least powerful students in their middle school
