Chapter 6: Socioemotional development in Early Childhood Flashcards
How do children’s describe the self
By physical and material characteristics (and physical activities)
e.g size, shape, color
when do children start to include Psychological traits and emotion terms in self-prescriptions
age 4 to 5
ps they also start perceiving others in psychological traits
How are Emotion-Dismissing parents
- view their role as to deny, ignore, or change negative emotions
- are more rejecting
what should children be able to do to experience self-conscious emotions
They must be able to refer to themselves and be aware of themselves as distinct from others
What is Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stage associated with early childhood
Initiative versus Guilt
What does a child begin to develop in Erikson’s portrait of early childhood
Self-understanding: the representation of the self
When do self-conscious emotions appear
They appear when self-awareness appears, around 18 months of age.
During early childhood, emotions like Pride or Guilt become more common
What does early self-understanding involve
Self-recognition
When do children show an increase ability to reflect on emotions understand that some events can elicit diff feelings from diff ppl, incr awareness that they need to manage their emotions to meet social standards
4 to 5
Why is the development of emotional regulation important
- Fundamental to the development of social competence
- key role in children’s ability to manage demands and conflicts they face in interacting with others
How can emotion regulation be conceptualized
As an important component of self-regulation and executive function.
What are some Supportive Caregiver Emotion Socialization Strategies
- positive emotional demeanor and mood when interacting with children
- Validate children’s emotions
- Help children to use emotion strategies that make them feel better or figure out how to solve the problem
- Discuss emotions, help label emotions and understand contexts and causes
What is one of the most important changes in emotional development in early childhood
An increased understanding of emotions
- Increased understanding that certain situations are likely to evoke particular emotions
- That emotions affect behavior and can be used to influence others
+ Increase in the number of terms to describe emotion
- learn about the causes and consequences of feelings
How are Emotion-Coaching parents
- Monitor children’s emotions
- View negative emotions as opportunities for teaching
- Assist them in labeling emotions
Coach on how to deal with emotions effectively - use more scaffolding and praise
What are two approaches parents can be described to take when they talk to their children about emotion
Emotion-coaching
or
Emotion-dismissing
What are some Unsupportive Caregiver Emotion Socialization Strategies
- Express uncontrolled or excessive negativity
e.g becoming very irritated or display strong
anger and hostility toward children - Punish a child for emotions and feelings
- Dismiss or ignore a child’s expressions of emotions
What are some examples of self-conscious emotions
Pride, shame, embarrassment, guilt
What is moral development
The development of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people
According to Freud, how to children attempt to reduce anxiety, avoid punishment and maintain parental affection
By internalizing the concepts of right or wrong
– Developping the superego
What is the superego
the moral element of the personality
What is most evident in knowing which approach parents take (emotion coaching or dismissing)
The way they deal with a child’s negative emotions (anger, frustration, sadness, …)
What is perspective taking, and what is it necessary for
The ability to discern another person’s emotional states.
It’s often required for empathy
Who showed interest in how children think about moral issues
Piaget
What are Piaget’s distinct stages in how children think about morality
Stage 1 - ages 4 to 7: they display Heteronomous morality .
= justice and rules are seen as unchangeable
properties that are beyond the control of
people - they consider consequences, not
intentions
- belief in immanent justice
- ages 7 to 10: Period of transition. (some features of the first stage, some of the second)
Stage 2 - ages 10 and older : Autonomous morality
= become aware that rules and laws are
created by ppl. so in judging an action they
consider intentions and consequences of
actions
What is the belief in immanent justice
belief that if a rule is broken, punishment is immediate
What did Piaget argue about the changes in moral reasoning
That this social understanding comes through the mutual give-and-take of peer relations, when others power and status is similar to the child
Parent-child relations are less likely to advance moral reasoning between rules are often handed down in an authoritarian manner and parents have power but childrens do not
What does the behavioral and social cognitive approach to development focus on. Moral behavior or reasnoning
Moral behavior
What does the Behavioral and social cognitive approach say about moral behavior
That moral beh is explained by the processes of:
- Reinforcement
- Punishment
- Imitation
Is what children do in one situation related to what they do in other situations
No, it’s weakly related
What are gender roles
Set of expectations that prescribe how male and females should think, act and feel
What is gender typing
It refers to the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
