Chapter 9 part 2 Midterm 2

Question 1

Where does everything in left visual field get represened?What about right?

Answer 1

right V1
left V1

Question 2

What are the two types of fields? describe them?

Answer 2

visual field; the region of the visual world that is collected by eyes
receptive field; the places in retina that are receptive to info from a specific side, is region of the visual world that stimulates a receptor cell or neuron

Question 3

Is there spatial Organization in the LGN V1?

Answer 3

Yes, in the LGN the information in the visual field retains it’s postion when sent to the LGN

Question 4

The central part of the visual field is located where in the brain?

Answer 4

back of the brain

Question 5

The peripheral areas of the visual field are located where in the brain?

Answer 5

more anteriorly

Question 6

Where is the top part of the visual field represented in the occipital lobe?

Answer 6

In the lower part, just below the primary V1

Question 7

What is the optical hierarchy of cells? What receptive fields combine to eventually create the recpetive field of a single V1 cell?

Answer 7

recepitve field of ganglion cells combine to give rise to the receptive field of a single LGN cell, which combine to give receptive field of a V1 cell

Question 8

The amount of neural tissue responisible for a particular function is equivalent to what? (ON TEST)

Answer 8

is equivalent to the amount of neural processing (compexity) of that function

Question 9

The occipital lobe has no corpus collusum connections, what does this mean?

Answer 9

the brain has to independently use info from the right and left in order to create images

Question 10

What do cells along the midline create?

Answer 10

They create the image along the midline

Question 11

Why do optical illusions work?

Answer 11

Differences in color, contrasts, and shapes lead to them

Question 12

What is neural activity coded by?

Answer 12

action potential production

Question 13

What is action pot production that always happens?

Answer 13

baseline

Question 14

What increases basline action pot production?

Answer 14

excitation and stimulation

Question 15

Can the presentation of a stimulus result in an inhibition of action pot production?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Can the absence of action pot tell you if something is there or not there?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

What cell make up optic nerve?

Answer 17

retinal ganglion cells

Question 18

How do retinal cells code for shapes of a specific object?

Answer 18

We look at object, encode how shapes contour and change
light then stimuates retina to create signals, some cells are on center and some are off center, if light hits an on cell an action potential fires, if it hits off cells it will not fire.

Question 19

How is a big picture of the visual field represented through off an oncenter cells?

Answer 19

receptive field of ganglion cells overlap, so light can hit on and off at the same time which allows you to create an accurate picture of the thing ur looking at

Question 20

What is luminance contrast?

Answer 20

we have ganglion cells that fire depending on how contrast changes which allows us to differentiate between color, every single contrast has cells that encode differences in colors.

Question 21

How does the angle of light hitting simple cells impact the action potentials?

Answer 21

If you hit both on and off cells you get no repsonse

Question 22

Who discovered angle of cells matter for action potentials?

Answer 22

Hubel and Weisel

Question 23

Why does the cell response rate drop when you focus on one color?

Answer 23

less contrast, cell response rate is heightened at more contrast

Question 24

How does the angling of simple cells themselves effect action potentials?

Answer 24

if it makes stimulus light both on and off portions you get no response, if you get light just hitting on you see large response

Question 25

How does the angle of light hitting complex cells in the primary visual cortex effect the action potentials?

Answer 25

Complex cells have an angular component, stimulus at certain angle increases or decreases whether there’s a response and the magnitude of the response.
at 60 is weak
at 45 is strong

Question 26

How does light moving effect hypercomplex cells in the visual cortex?

Answer 26

the more it goes into off the less response you get, unlike simple cells which when light hits off and on you get no response.

Question 27

Input from layer four of stelate cells project where?

Answer 27

layer three and five

Question 28

in the visual cortex where s info spatially encoded?

Answer 28

is spatially encoded into columns

Question 29

Are the columns in V1 specific for the right and left eye ?

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

Say some objects have the same orientation where will they be encoded in V1?

Answer 30

in the same columns

Question 31

Every neuron in the same column has the what?

Answer 31

the same orientation bias

Question 32

An object is the temproal lobe is repsentened by how many neurons?

Answer 32

several

Question 33

neurons in the temporal lobe respond to what?

Answer 33

categories in shape

Question 34

what is stimulance equivalence in the temporal lobe?

Answer 34

you see things as the same even if viewed at diff angles

Question 35

Why does seeing red and blue lead to seeing greenish yellowish? Opponent process thoery?

Answer 35

you tire out cones, makes you see opposite colors

Question 36

How does the response of ganglion cells alter when red light hits them vs green?

Answer 36

if red in on you get strong response
if red in off and green on, get no response
is green in on you get weak
if green in off strong
is red in on and green in off very strong

Question 37

destruction of the retina and nerve results in what?

Answer 37

monocular blindness

Question 38

If you have compete cuts in one side if your LGN or V1 or optic tract what happens>

Answer 38

lose half of visual field (hemianopia)

Question 39

partial cuts of the optic tract, LGN, or V1 results in what?

Answer 39

quadrantanopia

Question 40

small injuries to the occipital lobe often produce small blind spots known as what?

Answer 40

scotomas

Question 41

What does damage to the what pathway cause?

Answer 41

visual form agnosia- can’t recognize objects

Question 42

What does damage to the how pathway cause?

Answer 42

can’t let them hold objects or use em