Chapter 10 Midterm 3 Flashcards
Music likely evolved from what?
From earlier communication systems
When did the species of homosapiens come to modern form?
100,000-250,00 years ago
Music served as a what to our species?
A protolanguage
Why do we know that music mattered in our early history?
Because creating instruments would have required large investments in time, energy, skill and resources, so therefore music mattered to the people that made it
We made tools to make?
tool- instruments
Language and music allow us to do what?
Organize and interact socially
Does language itself require auditory input? Why?
No, sign language- requires visual input
Are ancient egypt and bablyon actually ancient civilizations?
No, the word ancient was coined by historians who though we came about 5,000 yrs ago but we didn’t, these civilizations are built on civilizations.
What structure does the oral language of every known culture follow?
similar basic syntax
Do people in all cultures make and enjoy music?
yes
What came first music or language?
Music
Is language an extinct?
yes, same as walking
How are waves of sound generated?
For example, tuning fork gets striked, this compresses air molecules, then rarefication (decompression) occurs and waves travel out
What are trouhgs and peaks?
High part of wave is peaks, low part is troughs
What is a hertz?
the cycles per second
What are the basic properties of sound?
Frequency (pitch perception)- is how many cycles per second occurs
Amplitude (perception of loudness)- is the height of the waves peaks
Complexity (Timbre)- is a mixture of frequencies
What determines the pitch of a sound?
if it’s high frequency- high pitch
if its low frequency- low pitch
What determines the loudness of a sound?
High amplitude- loud sound
Low- amplitude- soft sound
What determines the timbre/complexity of a sound?
Is a mixture of frequencies, if one frequency it’ll be pure if a mixture it’ll be complex
What is a power analysis?
Breaking down complex waves into it’s different amplitude and frequencies to see how much of the sound is at 2 hertx versus seven hertz etc
Musical instruments put out pure or complex sounds?
complex
Bats can hear upto how many hertz?
115 kilohertz
Are humans or dogs hearing range better?
dogs
As humans age what frequencies do they lose first?
the higher ones