Chapter 6 Midterm 2 Flashcards
What is a drug?
A drug is a chemical that is administered to bring about some desired change (sometimes also undesired) in the body.
Chemicals are good or bad?
Neither, chemicals are what we’re made up of, drugs are a combination of chemicals
What are physcoactive drugs?
drugs that act to later mood, though, behavior, and are used to manage neuropsychological illness
What are abused substances?
Drugs that are taken for non-medical reasons
What did the company bear do?
Were the first to make aspirin a pill and patent it and branded it, invented taking drugs as a pill
What is the most efficient way of taking drugs?
Injecting it directly into the brain allows it to act quickly in low doses
Why is it a bad idea to inject drugs directly into the brain?
If the needles even a bit dirty you can get encephalitis and meningitis
What is the value of a drug dose directly to the brain?
1, this reduces every time you have the drug faces a barrier, so to get the same effect the drug needs to be 10x stronger if it passes one barrier
Why do pharmaceutical companies make very durable oral drugs?
Because they have to be durable in the near 0 ph of the stomach, enter blood stream, and then go where it needs to go
Why is inhalation an effective way to take drugs?
Because the layer between lungs & bloodstream is very thin
Why can cocaine users take spaghetti and wiggle it in there nose?
Because cocaine is an anesthetic, when you take it up your nose you anesthetize it which kills the septum bewteen your nose
Drugs that are weak acids pass from where?
Drugs that are weak acids pass from the stomach into the bloodstream
Drugs that are weak bases pass from where?
Pass from the intestines into the bloodstream
Drugs injected to muscles encounter more what?
Encounter more barriers than drugs inhaled
Where do drugs encounter the least barriers?
Drugs injected into the bloodstream, but they must be hydrophillic
Drugs in adhesive patches are absorbed through what?
Absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream
Capillaries in the brain form what?
They form tight junctions and are covered with astrocyte feet. These properties prevent materials from moving in an out easily.
Are capillaries in the body the same as the brain?
No they have few tight junctions, so materials can move in and out easily
What molecules can pass through the endothelial membrane?
CO2 and O2
What molecules are carried across the endothelial membrane by active transport?
Amino acids, glucose, and fats
What molecules are unable to pass out of the capillaries?
Large and electrically charged mlcls
What are three areas in the brain in which water soluble substances can get?
The pineal gland, the pituitary gland, and the area postrema
What does the pineal gland do?
entry of chemicals here affect day and night cycles
What does the pituitary gland do?
entry of chemicals here that influence pituitary hormones