Chapter 9 Motivating Employees Flashcards
Key terms used in Chapter 9 of Openstax Introduction to business
Questions
Answers
What prompts a person to release his or her energy in a certain direction?
motivation
The gap between what is and what is required is called ________-.
need
The gap between what is and what is desired is called _______.
want
Who developed scinetific management?
Frederick W. Taylor
What are the four principles of scientific management?
Developing a scientific approach for each element of a job, scientifically selecting and training workers, encouraging cooperation between workers and managers, and dividing work and responsibility between management and workers according to who can better perform a particular task.
The phenomenon that employees perform better when they feel singled out for attention or feel that management is concerned about their welfare is called the ____________.
Hawthorne effect
___________________ holds that humans have five levels of needs and act to satisfy their unmet needs.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
List Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in order from bottom to top.
fundamental physiological needs, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs
Who formulated Theory X and Theory Y?
Douglas McGregor
_________ is a management style based on a pessimistic view of human nature and assumes that the average person dislikes work, will avoid it if possible, prefers to be directed, avoids responsibility, and wants security above all.
Theory X
________ is a management style based on a relatively optimistic view of human nature and assumes that the average person wants to work, accepts responsibility, is willing to help solve problems, and can be self-directed and self-controlled.
Theory Y
_______________ is a theory that combines U.S. and Japanese business practices by emphasizing long-term employment, slow career development, moderate specialization, group decision-making, individual responsibility, relatively informal control over the employee, and concern for workers.
Ouchi’s Theory Z
______________ are intrinsic job elements that lead to worker satisfaction.
motivating factors
______________ are extrinsic elements of the work environment that do not serve as a source of employee satisfaction or motivation.
hygiene factors
The _________ is a theory of motivation that holds that the probability of an individual acting in a particular way depends on the strength of that individual’s belief that the act will have a particular outcome and on whether the individual values that outcome.
expectancy theory
The ________ is a theory of motivation that holds that worker satisfaction is influenced by employees’ perceptions about how fairly they are treated compared with their coworkers.
equity theory
The _________ is a theory of motivation based on the premise that an individual’s intention to work toward a goal is a primary source of motivation.
goal-setting theory
The ________ is a theory of motivation that holds that people do things because they know that certain consequences will follow.
reinforcement theory
Anything that increases a specific behavior is considered a _____________.
reward
What decreases a specific behavior?
punishment
The horizontal expansion of a job by increasing the number and variety of tasks that a person performs is called _____________.
job enlargement
The vertical expansion of a job by increasing the employee’s autonomy, responsibility, and decision-making authority is called ___________-.
job enrichment
In ________________ workers shift from one job to another.
job rotation, also called cross-training
__________ is a scheduling option that allows two individuals to split the tasks, responsibilities, and work hours of one 40-hour-per-week job.
job sharing
