Chapter 9 Motivating Employees

Question 1

Questions

Answer 1

Answers

Question 2

What prompts a person to release his or her energy in a certain direction?

Answer 2

motivation

Question 3

The gap between what is and what is required is called ________-.

Answer 3

need

Question 4

The gap between what is and what is desired is called _______.

Answer 4

want

Question 5

Who developed scinetific management?

Answer 5

Frederick W. Taylor

Question 6

What are the four principles of scientific management?

Answer 6

Developing a scientific approach for each element of a job, scientifically selecting and training workers, encouraging cooperation between workers and managers, and dividing work and responsibility between management and workers according to who can better perform a particular task.

Question 7

The phenomenon that employees perform better when they feel singled out for attention or feel that management is concerned about their welfare is called the ____________.

Answer 7

Hawthorne effect

Question 8

___________________ holds that humans have five levels of needs and act to satisfy their unmet needs.

Answer 8

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 9

List Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in order from bottom to top.

Answer 9

fundamental physiological needs, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs

Question 10

Who formulated Theory X and Theory Y?

Answer 10

Douglas McGregor

Question 11

_________ is a management style based on a pessimistic view of human nature and assumes that the average person dislikes work, will avoid it if possible, prefers to be directed, avoids responsibility, and wants security above all.

Answer 11

Theory X

Question 12

________ is a management style based on a relatively optimistic view of human nature and assumes that the average person wants to work, accepts responsibility, is willing to help solve problems, and can be self-directed and self-controlled.

Answer 12

Theory Y

Question 13

_______________ is a theory that combines U.S. and Japanese business practices by emphasizing long-term employment, slow career development, moderate specialization, group decision-making, individual responsibility, relatively informal control over the employee, and concern for workers.

Answer 13

Ouchi’s Theory Z

Question 14

______________ are intrinsic job elements that lead to worker satisfaction.

Answer 14

motivating factors

Question 15

______________ are extrinsic elements of the work environment that do not serve as a source of employee satisfaction or motivation.

Answer 15

hygiene factors

Question 16

The _________ is a theory of motivation that holds that the probability of an individual acting in a particular way depends on the strength of that individual’s belief that the act will have a particular outcome and on whether the individual values that outcome.

Answer 16

expectancy theory

Question 17

The ________ is a theory of motivation that holds that worker satisfaction is influenced by employees’ perceptions about how fairly they are treated compared with their coworkers.

Answer 17

equity theory

Question 18

The _________ is a theory of motivation based on the premise that an individual’s intention to work toward a goal is a primary source of motivation.

Answer 18

goal-setting theory

Question 19

The ________ is a theory of motivation that holds that people do things because they know that certain consequences will follow.

Answer 19

reinforcement theory

Question 20

Anything that increases a specific behavior is considered a _____________.

Answer 20

reward

Question 21

What decreases a specific behavior?

Answer 21

punishment

Question 22

The horizontal expansion of a job by increasing the number and variety of tasks that a person performs is called _____________.

Answer 22

job enlargement

Question 23

The vertical expansion of a job by increasing the employee’s autonomy, responsibility, and decision-making authority is called ___________-.

Answer 23

job enrichment

Question 24

In ________________ workers shift from one job to another.

Answer 24

job rotation, also called cross-training

Question 25

__________ is a scheduling option that allows two individuals to split the tasks, responsibilities, and work hours of one 40-hour-per-week job.

Answer 25

job sharing