Chapter 9 (MIDTERM) Flashcards
What is the most significant cause of weight loss of malnutrition in older adults?
Poverty
Who is at higher nutritional risk?
Older, female, unmarried/widowed/divorced, lives in special housing (facility), functionally impaired
What is three psychological factors that influence nutritional risk in older adults?
Depression
Anxiety
Dementia
Why are patients with dementia a risk for nutrition?
They wander excessively instead of consuming food
They may have a fear that the food is being poisoned
Older adults with COPD report they cannot eat their meals because of what
Increase dyspnea
Which two diseases cause hypermetabolism, which may lead to weight loss
Hyper thyroidism
Parkinson’s disease
what is isotonic dehydration
Results from the loss of sodium and water
What is hypertonic dehydration?
Results from more water loss than sodium loss
What is hypotonic dehydration?
May occur with diuretic use when sodium loss is higher than water loss
What are three micro nutrients that are commonly found to be a deficit in older adults?
Vitamin D
Calcium
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to what
Cancer progression
Bone health
Osteoporosis
Fractures
Vitamin B 12 deficiency has been linked to what
Pernicious anemia
Bone health
Cognitive decline in older adults
What is the term for the state of being poorly nourished?
Malnutrition
What are the two major markers of malnutrition?
Sarcopenia
Cachexia
The decline in skeletal muscle mass that can result from physical inactivity, disuse of muscles, reduced levels of growth hormone and testosterone, neuromuscular changes, and insufficient dietary protein?
Sarcopenia
Older adults can become sarcopenic after what
Lengthy, hospitalizations or illness
What is characterized by loss of fat and muscle mass accompanied with anorexia
Cachexia
What is one of the most common causes of poor food intake in older adults
Xerostomia (dry mouth)
Xerostomia in older adult is most likely caused by
Drug induced
Scanning device that allows the practitioner to evaluating not only bone density at several sites, but also evaluate body fat in a minimum amount of time with minimum radiation exposure
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
What is the first clue that dysphasia may be a problem?
Development of aspiration pneumonia
Somebody who has dysphasia should eat how?
Upright position with arms and feet supported
head is midline with chin slightly tucked
Position should be maintained for at least 30 minutes after eating
What is not recommended for the dysphasia mechanically altered diet
Foods such as breads, peas, corn should be avoided
Type of nutrition that consist of intervenous solution that includes dextrose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, trace elements, and water
Parental nutrition
How is parental nutrition administered?
Through a vascular access device, such as a central venous catheter or an implanted port
