Chapter 10 (E1) Flashcards
The sleep center and wakeness center is located where in the body?
Hypothalamus
What is a state of consciousness characterized by the physiologic shanked of reduced BP, HR, RR, along with decreased response to external stimuli?
Sleep
Sleep is divided into 5 stages, what are they?
4 stages of NREM sleep
1 stage of REM
What is the lightest level of sleep?
Easily awakened
Stage 1 NREM
Muscle tone, pulse, bp, and RR are reduced during what stage of sleep?
Stage 4 NREM
What stage of sleep does the pulse, bp and RR increase, dreaming occurs, and rapid eye movement?
REM stage
Inability to sleep is called?
This is an age related change
Insomnia
What is a delay in the onset of sleep, that increases with age
Sleep latency
What is the relative percentage of time in bed spent asleep?
Sleep efficiency
What are some drugs that may cause daytime sleepiness?
Antiarrhythmics
SSRI
Antihistamine
Clonidine
When body pain interferes with sleep, what medication is the most effective?
Analgesics
What are effects of caffeine?
Restlessness
Nervousness
Increased HR
Reduced peripheral vascular resistance
What type of snack should a patient have at bedtime?
Warm snack containing protein
What condition is frequently accompanied by insomnia?
Depression
What drugs should be avoided with dementia patients for bed?
Sedatives
Antipsychotics
They may alter the sleep-wake cycle
What is a sleep disorder that has recurrent episodes of cessation of respiration. Patient may be apneic for 10 seconds to 2 minutes
Sleep apnea
Type of sleep apnea:
Cessation of respiratory efforts both diaphragmatic and intercostal
Central sleep apnea (CSA)
Type of sleep apnea:
Most common in older adults
Airflow ceases because of complete or partial air obstruction.
Caused by obesity, thick neck, narrow airway, deviated septum.
Reports of loud snoring or choking sound while sleeping
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
What are treatments to manage sleep apnea?
Weight loss
Avoid alcohol
CPAP machine
Sleeping on side
Nasal sprays
Sleep meds
Type of sleep apnea:
Occurs when a persons treating OSA with CPAP are found to also have CSA during initial therapy.
Complex sleep apnea syndrome
(CompSAS)
Type of sleep disorder: repetitive kicking leg movements throughout the night most often during NREM sleep?
Periodic limb movement in sleep (PLMS)
What is the first line of therapy for PLMS?
Dopamine agonists (DA)
What should be eliminated from patients diet with PLMS?
Caffeine and alcohol
What is a scale that measures feelings of sleepiness and tiredness at specific times?
The Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS)
What instrument is used to subjectively measure sleep quality and includes 5 additional questions for bed partner?
Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index
What 2 drugs are the recommended sleep aids?
Ramelteon
Suvorexant
Strenuous exercise should be avoided how long before bed?
2 hrs
What is a Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) That demonstrate some effectiveness in healthy adults by decreasing sleep latency an increasing sleep duration when used for three months or less
Melatonin
