Chapter 20 (MIDTERM)

Question 1

What is the movement of air into and out of the lungs, consists of inhalation and exhalation

Answer 1

Ventilation

Question 2

Oxygen-rich air is moved into the lungs

Answer 2

Inhalation

Question 3

CO rich air is moved out

Answer 3

Exhalation

Question 4

What are normal age related changes with ribs and vertebrae?

Answer 4

Ribs become less mobile
Chest wall compliance decreases

Question 5

Osteoporosis and calcification of the costal cartilage lead to what?

Answer 5

Increased rigidity and stiffness of the thoracic cage

Question 6

What happens to the diaphragm in patients with COPD?

Answer 6

Flattens and becomes less efficient

Question 7

What is respiratory rate in older adults?

Answer 7

16-25 faster and shallower

Question 8

Older adults have a decrease in the number of cilia which results in?

Answer 8

Difficultly in clearing secretions

Question 9

Volume of air, inhaled or exhaled per breath

Answer 9

Tidal volume

Question 10

Volume of air left and lungs after maximum exhalation

Answer 10

Residual volume

Question 11

Volume of air exhaled after maximal inhalation

Answer 11

Vital capacity

Question 12

Total volume of air in lungs after maximum inhalation

Answer 12

Total lung capacity

Question 13

What happens to cilia when someone smokes?

Answer 13

Cilia becomes paralyzed and is unable to protect and clean the lungs

Question 14

What is a well recognized precursor for obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 14

Obesity

Question 15

What are some common respiratory symptoms in older adults?

Answer 15

Change in mental status
Alterations in breathing patterns
coughing
Dyspnea

Question 16

What is the best preventative treatment for asthma?

Answer 16

Corticosteroids

Question 17

What are some examples of preventative asthma medications?

Answer 17

Montelukast
Zafirlukast

Question 18

What are bronchodilators that provide smooth muscle relaxation in 30 minutes and is the drug of choice for treating acute asthma symptoms

Answer 18

Rescue med-
SABAs: albuterol

Question 19

Corticosteroids may cause what in older adults?

Answer 19

Confusion agitation and glucose metabolism

Question 20

What is characterized by excessive mucus production with a chronic or recurrent cough?

Answer 20

Chronic bronchitis

Question 21

What is characterized by progressive destruction of alveoli and they’re supporting structures there classic sign is a barrel chest appearance.

Answer 21

Emphysema

Question 22

How do you diagnose COPD?

Answer 22

Spirometry testing

Question 23

Dyspnea and Chronic coughing is the hallmark of what disorder

Answer 23

COPD

Question 24

What is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the older adult community?

Answer 24

Lung carcinoma

Question 25

With lung cancer how would you determine the cell type?

Answer 25

Sputum cytology

Question 26

How would you obtain tissue confirmation of the diagnosis of lung cancer?

Answer 26

Fiberoptic bronchoscope

Question 27

What are the two most common drugs for tuberculosis?

Answer 27

Rifampin Isoniazid

Question 28

With a tuberculosis med rifampin what can you see when you take this medication?

Answer 28

Bodily fluids are red or orange

Question 29

With cardiogenic pulmonary edema, what presentation would be seen?

Answer 29

Shortness of breath Orthopnea Frothy, blood tinged sputum Cyanosis Tachycardia

Question 30

What is the blockage of pulmonary arteries by a thrombus, fat or air embolism from a deep vein thrombosis

Answer 30

Pulmonary emboli

Question 31

What is usually the treatment of choice for a pulmonary emboli?

Answer 31

Heparin