Chapter 9- Meiosis Flashcards
How
Many chromosomes does a haploid cell have?
23
How many chromosomes does a diploid cell have?
46
How many FULL sets of chromosomes does a diploid cell have?
2 full sets. One from each parent
What do all homologous chromosomes share?
Same size
Same banding pattern
Same centromere location
How do homologous chromosomes differ?
They differ in the alleles they carry
Are gametes haploid or diploid?
Haploid
What are somatic cells?
Cells that are not gametes and that reproduce mitotically
During meiosis, how many times is the DNA replicated?
Once
During meiosis, how
Many times is the nucleus split?
Twice
Sum up Meiosis 1 in your own words
Homologous chromosomes pair up and separate into two cells.
In Meiosis 1, during which phase do the chromosomes pair?
Prophase 1
In meiosis 1, during which phase do the chromosomes split?
Anaphase 1
How many haploid cells are yielded after meiosis 2?
4 haploid cells
Define “crossing over”
The shuffling of alleles between haploid cells
When does the crossing over event occur?
Prophase 1
How do identical twins form?
When they zygote splits into two embryos
How are fraternal twins made?
Two different zygotes (eggs) are fertilized
True or false. Mitosis produces cells that are genetically varied from each other
False. Mitosis produces genetically identical cells
What is a polyploid?
A cell that has an extra chromosome
What is non disjunction?
The failure of chromosomes to separate in meiosis
What happens to the gametes after nondisjunction?
The gametes now have the incorrect amount of chromosomes
How much sperm are created in spermatogenesis?
4 sperm per cycle
How many eggs are produced during Oogenesis?
A large egg cell, as well as 3 polar bodies
What is Conjugation
A form of gene transfer in some microorganisms
