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Biology > Chapter 9- Meiosis > Flashcards

Chapter 9- Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

How

Many chromosomes does a haploid cell have?

A

23

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2
Q

How many chromosomes does a diploid cell have?

A

46

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3
Q

How many FULL sets of chromosomes does a diploid cell have?

A

2 full sets. One from each parent

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4
Q

What do all homologous chromosomes share?

A

Same size
Same banding pattern
Same centromere location

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5
Q

How do homologous chromosomes differ?

A

They differ in the alleles they carry

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6
Q

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

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7
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

Cells that are not gametes and that reproduce mitotically

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8
Q

During meiosis, how many times is the DNA replicated?

A

Once

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9
Q

During meiosis, how

Many times is the nucleus split?

A

Twice

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10
Q

Sum up Meiosis 1 in your own words

A

Homologous chromosomes pair up and separate into two cells.

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11
Q

In Meiosis 1, during which phase do the chromosomes pair?

A

Prophase 1

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12
Q

In meiosis 1, during which phase do the chromosomes split?

A

Anaphase 1

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13
Q

How many haploid cells are yielded after meiosis 2?

A

4 haploid cells

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14
Q

Define “crossing over”

A

The shuffling of alleles between haploid cells

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15
Q

When does the crossing over event occur?

A

Prophase 1

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16
Q

How do identical twins form?

A

When they zygote splits into two embryos

17
Q

How are fraternal twins made?

A

Two different zygotes (eggs) are fertilized

18
Q

True or false. Mitosis produces cells that are genetically varied from each other

A

False. Mitosis produces genetically identical cells

19
Q

What is a polyploid?

A

A cell that has an extra chromosome

20
Q

What is non disjunction?

A

The failure of chromosomes to separate in meiosis

21
Q

What happens to the gametes after nondisjunction?

A

The gametes now have the incorrect amount of chromosomes

22
Q

How much sperm are created in spermatogenesis?

A

4 sperm per cycle

23
Q

How many eggs are produced during Oogenesis?

A

A large egg cell, as well as 3 polar bodies

24
Q

What is Conjugation

A

A form of gene transfer in some microorganisms

Biology (8 decks)

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