Chapter 11- Vocab

Question 1

Stem cells

Answer 1

Cells found in embryos and some adult tissues that give rise to other cells

Question 2

Clone

Answer 2

Identical copy of an organism

Question 3

Type of cloning that combines a nucleus taken from one individuals body cell with a deny cleared egg cell to produce the first cell of a new organism

Answer 3

Somatic cell nuclear transfer

Question 4

A single strained sequence of DNA, labeled with a radioactive isotope of fluorescent tag, used to detect the presence of a known sequence of nucleotides

Answer 4

DNA probe

Question 5

Uses PCR and DNA probes to detect genetic diseases in embryos

Answer 5

Preimplantation genetic diseases

Question 6

Uses PCR and DNA probes to detect genetic diseases in fetuses, children, and adults

Answer 6

Genetic testing

Question 7

The practical application of the knowledge of DNA

Answer 7

DNA technology

Question 8

Protein that cuts double stranded DNA at a specific base sequence

Answer 8

Restriction enzymes

Question 9

Genetic material that has been cut with restriction enzymes and spliced with DNA from OTHER ORGANISMS

Answer 9

Recombinant DNA

Question 10

Laboratory technique used to establish a link between biological evidence and a suspect in a criminal investigation

Answer 10

DNA fingerprinting

Question 11

A technique used in laboratories in order to separate macromolecules based on size. Applies a negative charge so proteins move towards a positive charge

Answer 11

Electrophoresis

Question 12

Individual with recombinant DNA

Answer 12

Transgenic organism

Question 13

Determines the nucleotide sequence of DNA fragments

Answer 13

DNA sequencing

Question 14

Amplifies DNA in a test tube using the cells replication machinery

Answer 14

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

Question 15

Uses DNA sequencing and PCR to detect genetic differences among individuals

Answer 15

DNA profiling

Question 16

A test that evaluates the number and structure of a persons chromosomes in order to detect abnormalities

Answer 16

Chromosomal analysis

Question 17

Number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 17

Karyotype

Question 18

Gene therapy

Answer 18

Employs viruses to enter healthy genes into cells

Question 19

Direct manipulation of an organisms genome using biotech

Answer 19

Genetic modification

Question 20

Genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of external genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane

Answer 20

Genetic transformation