Chapter 7b- Key Terms Flashcards
What are the 3 steps of Translation?
Translation
Elongation
Termination
In the first step of translation, Translation, what occurs?
An mRNA strand meets up with a small and large ribosomal unit
What occurs in Elongation?
tRNA molecules gather as the mRNA strand is read by the small ribosomal unit 1 codon at a time. The ribosomal unit seeks at tRNA anti codon that matches the respective codon and a polypeptide chain starts to form.
What occurs in Termination?
The ribosomal unit reaches the end of the mRNA strand or if it reaches a STOP codon. The ribosomal unit releases the polypeptide chain.
What is a point mutation?
A substitution mutation that does not change the frame of a sequence
What is a frame shift mutation?
It is an insertion or deletion mutation that shifts the whole view of the strand
What are the 3 types of point mutations?
Silent
Nonsense
Missense
If there is an insertion or deletion in groups of 3 nucleotides then does the frame shift?
No it doesn’t shift
What is an expanding repeat mutation?
When a codon is repeated
What are the 4 types of chromosomal mutations?
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation
What is a Germline mutation?
A mutation in the gametes and therefore appears in all of the cells of an offspring.
What is a somatic mutation?
A mutation that occurs in non gamete cells.
Ex. Skin cells, muscle cells, etc.
What is an Allele?
A variation of a gene
Every human has a different combination of alleles for the _________ genes in the human genome
25,000+
The process of translation occurs where in the cell?
The cytoplasm
