Biology Chapter 4- Key terms

Question 1

Potential energy

Answer 1

Stored energy

Question 2

Kinetic energy

Answer 2

Energy being used to do work

Question 3

1 calorie is…

Answer 3

… The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of water from 14.5 to 15.5 degrees Celcius

Question 4

1 food calorie (C) equals

Answer 4

1000 regular calories (c)

Question 5

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 5

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but merely converted

Question 6

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 6

All energy transformations are inefficient because every reaction results in increased entropy(disorder) and the loss of usable energy as heat

Question 7

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 7

Adenosine Tri-Phosphate

Question 8

OIL RIG

Answer 8

Oxidation is loss

Reduction is gain

Question 9

Metabolism

Answer 9

Sum of the chemical reactions in a cell

Question 10

Catabolism

Answer 10

Breaks larger molecules down into smaller ones

Question 11

Anabolism

Answer 11

Converts small molecules into larger ones

Question 12

Endergonic reaction

Answer 12

Requires more energy into t because the products will have more energy than the reactants

Question 13

Exergonic reaction

Answer 13

Energy is released during the reaction so the products have less energy than the products

Question 14

Oxidation

Answer 14

Loss of electrons

Question 15

Reduction

Answer 15

Electrons are gained

Question 16

Phosphorylation

Answer 16

Transfer or phosphate group from ATP to another molecule. Recipient molecule becomes energized or changes shape

Question 17

What do cells use for long term energy storage?

Answer 17

Lipids or carbohydrates

Question 18

Enzymes

Answer 18

Speed up chemical reactions by lowering their activation energy

Question 19

Cofactors

Answer 19

Organic or inorganic substances that enzymes require to catalyze reactions

Question 20

Examples of cofactors

Answer 20

K
Zen
Fe
Mg

Question 21

Simple diffusion

Answer 21

Diffusion that doesn’t require a protein to carry it through he cell membrane

Question 22

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 22

A membrane protein admits a substance along a concentration gradient w/o expending energy

Question 23

Active Transport

Answer 23

Carrier protein that does require ATP in order to pass a substance through the membrane

Question 24

Endocytosis

Answer 24

Cell engulfs liquid or particles

Question 25

Pinocytosis

Answer 25

Brings in liquids

Question 26

Phagocytosis

Answer 26

Brings in large molecules

Question 27

Exocytosis

Answer 27

Vesicles inside cells engulf substances and then fuses with the cell membrane and then releases cargo outside of the cell

Question 28

Energy

Answer 28

The ability to do work