Biology Chapter 4- Key terms Flashcards
Potential energy
Stored energy
Kinetic energy
Energy being used to do work
1 calorie is…
… The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of water from 14.5 to 15.5 degrees Celcius
1 food calorie (C) equals
1000 regular calories (c)
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed but merely converted
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
All energy transformations are inefficient because every reaction results in increased entropy(disorder) and the loss of usable energy as heat
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
OIL RIG
Oxidation is loss
Reduction is gain
Metabolism
Sum of the chemical reactions in a cell
Catabolism
Breaks larger molecules down into smaller ones
Anabolism
Converts small molecules into larger ones
Endergonic reaction
Requires more energy into t because the products will have more energy than the reactants
Exergonic reaction
Energy is released during the reaction so the products have less energy than the products
Oxidation
Loss of electrons
Reduction
Electrons are gained
Phosphorylation
Transfer or phosphate group from ATP to another molecule. Recipient molecule becomes energized or changes shape
What do cells use for long term energy storage?
Lipids or carbohydrates
Enzymes
Speed up chemical reactions by lowering their activation energy
Cofactors
Organic or inorganic substances that enzymes require to catalyze reactions
Examples of cofactors
K
Zen
Fe
Mg
Simple diffusion
Diffusion that doesn’t require a protein to carry it through he cell membrane
Facilitated Diffusion
A membrane protein admits a substance along a concentration gradient w/o expending energy
Active Transport
Carrier protein that does require ATP in order to pass a substance through the membrane
Endocytosis
Cell engulfs liquid or particles
