Chapter 9- Lifespan Development Flashcards
characterized by child’s unresponsiveness to parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if parent leaves
avoidant attachment
maturing of the sex glands
gonadarche
process of cell division
mitosis
concept (mental model) that is used to help us categorize and interpret information
schema
plural: schemata
medical care during pregnancy that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetus
prenatal care
parents make few demands and rarely use punishment
permissive parenting style
characterized by the child’s tendency to show clingy behavior and rejections of the parent when she attempts to interact with the child
resistant attachment
innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment
temperament
first stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from birth through age 2, a child learns about the world through senses are motor behavior
sensorimotor stage
view that development takes place in unique stages, which happen at specific times or ages
discontinuous development
parents give children reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of view
authoritative parenting style
period of development that begins at puberty and ends at early adulthood
adolescence
service that provides a death with dignity; pain management in a humane and comfortable environment; usually outside of a hospital setting
hospice
domain of lifespan development that examines growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness
physical development
study of development using norms, or average ages, when most children reach specific developmental milestones
normative approach
time during fetal growth when specific parts or organs develop
critical (sensitive) period
when a sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a zygote
conception
biological, chemical, or physical environmental agent that causes damage to the developing embryo or fetus
teratogen
ability to move our body and manipulate objects
motor skills
domain of lifespan development that examines learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity
cognitive development
first male ejaculation
spermarche
multi-cellular organism in its early stages of development
embryo
adjustment of schema by adding information similar to what is already known
assimilation
view that development is a cumulative process: gradually improving on existing skills
continuous development
physical signs of sexual maturation that do not directly involve sex organs
secondary sexual characteristics
parents place a high value on conformity and obedience, are often rigid, and express little warmth to the child
authoritarian parenting style
use of large muscle groups to control arms and legs for large body movements
gross motor skills
preoperational child’s difficulty in taking the perspective of others
egocentrism
environment and culture
nurture
social support/friendships dwindle in number, but remain as close, if not more close than in earlier years
socioemotional selectivity theory
organs specifically needed for reproduction
primary sexual characteristics
structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen to the developing baby
placenta
use of muscles in fingers, toes, and eyes to coordinate small actions
fine motor skills
second stage is Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from ages 2 to 7, children learn to use symbols and language but do not understand mental operations and often think illogically
preoperational stage
third stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from about 7 to 11 years old, children can think logically about real (concrete) events
concrete operational stage
adjustment of a schema by changing a scheme to accommodate new information different from what was already known
accommodation
process proposed by Freud in which pleasure-seeking urges focus on different erogenous zones of the body as humans move through five stages of life
psychosexual development
idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists
object permanence
structure created when a sperm and egg merge at conception; begins as a single cell and rapidly divides to form the embryo and placenta
zygote
characterized by the child using the parent as a secure base from which to explore
secure attachment
parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful; they don’t respond to the child’s needs are make relatively few demands
uninvolved parenting style
ability to take the perspective of others and to feel concern for others
cognitive empathy
inborn automatic response to a particular form of stimulation that all healthy babies are born with
newborn reflexes
long-standing connection or bond with others
attachment
idea that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size, volume, or number as long as nothing is added or removed
conservation
final stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from age 11 and up, children are able to deal with abstract ideas and hypothetical situations
formal operational stage
characterized by the child’s odd behavior when faced with the parent; type of attachment seen most often with kids that are abused
disorganized attachment
approximate ages at which children reach specific normative events
developmental milestone
process proposed by Kohlberg, humans move through three stages of moral development
stage of moral reasoning
beginning of menstrual period; around 12-13 years old
menarche
newly defined period of lifespan development from 18 years old to mid-20s; young people are taking longer to complete college, get a job, get married, and start a family
emerging adulthood
parental presence that gives the infant/toddler a sense of safety as he explores his surroundings
secure base
process proposed by Erikson in which social tasks are mastered as humans move through eight stages of life infancy to adulthood
psychosocial development
genes and biology
nature
maturing of the adrenal glands
adrenarche
principle that objects can be change, but then returned back to their original form or condition
reversibility
