Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Chapter 3 - Biopsychology > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Biopsychology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

the state of readiness of a neuron membrane’s potential between signals

A

resting potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cell body

A

soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

secretes hormones that regulate blood sugar

A

pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

structure in the temporal lobe associated with learning and memory

A

hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

division of the brain located between the forebrain and the hindbrain; contains the reticular formation

A

midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

specific version of a gene

A

allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

asserts our genes set the boundaries within which we operate, and our environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range we will fall

A

range of reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

level of charge in the membrane that causes the neuron to become active

A

threshold of excitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

strip of cortex in the temporal lobe that is responsible for processing auditory information

A

auditory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fatty substance that insulates axons

A

myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

midbrain structure important in regulating the sleep/wake cycle, arousal, alertness, and motor activity

A

reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

study of gene-environment interactions, such as how the same genotype leads to different phenotypes

A

epigenetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

allele whose phenotype will be expressed in an individual that possesses that allele

A

dominant allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

involved in stress-related activities and functions

A

sympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bump or ridge on the cerebral cortex

A

gyrus

plural: gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

largest part of the brain, containing the cerebral cortex, the thalamus, and the limbic system, among other structures

A

forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

helix-shaped molecule made of nucleotide base pairs

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

surface of the brain that is associated with our highest mental capabilities

A

cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

thick band of neural fibers connecting the brain’s two hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

genetic makeup of an individual

A

genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

incoming signal from another neuron is either sufficient or insufficient to reach the threshold of excitation

A

all-or-none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and appetite

A

thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

protein on the cell surface where neurotransmitters attach

A

receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

individual’s inheritable physical characteristics

A

phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

hindbrain structure that connects the brain and spinal cord; involved in regulating brain activity during sleep

A

pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

long strand of genetic information

A

chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

twins who develop from two different eggs fertilized by different sperm, so their genetic material varies the same as in non-twin siblings

A

fraternal twins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

axon terminal containing synaptic vesicles

A

terminal button

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

imaging technique in which a computer coordinates and integrates multiple x-rays of a given area

A

computerized tomography (CT) scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

cell membrane that allows smaller molecules or molecules without an electrical charge to pass through it, while stopping larger or highly charged molecules

A

semipermeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

neurotransmitter is pumped back into the neuron that released it

A

reuptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

important for speech comprehension

A

Wernicke’s area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

consisting of two different alleles

A

heterozygous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitter balance

A

psychotropic medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

sequence of DNA that controls or partially controls physical characteristics

A

gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

cells in the nervous system that act as interconnected information processors, which are essential for all of the asks of the nervous system

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

hindbrain structure that controls automated processes like breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate

A

medulla

38
Q

brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system (CNS)

39
Q

consisting of two identical alleles

A

homozygous

40
Q

collection of structures involved in processing emotion and memory

A

limbic system

41
Q

twins that develop from the same sperm and egg

A

identical twins

42
Q

part of cerebral cortex associated with hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language; contains primary auditory cortex

A

temporal lobe

43
Q

multiple genes affecting a given trait

A

polygenic

44
Q

connects the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, organs, and senses in the periphery of the body

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

45
Q

strip of cortex involved in planning and coordinating movement

A

motor cortex

46
Q

part of the cerebral cortex involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language; contains motor cortex

A

frontal lobe

47
Q

hindbrain structure that controls our balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills, and it is thought to be important in processing some types of memory

A

cerebellum

48
Q

midbrain structure where dopamine is produced; associated with mood, reward, and addiction

A

ventral tegmental area (VTA)

49
Q

deep groove in the brain’s cortex

A

longitudinal fissure

50
Q

essential for processing sensory information from across the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain

A

somatosensory cortex

51
Q

chemical messenger released by endocrine glands

A

hormone

52
Q

relays sensory and motor information to and from the CNS

A

somatic nervous system

53
Q

allele whose phenotype will be expressed only if an individual is homozygous for that allele

A

recessive allele

54
Q

midbrain structure where dopamine is produced; involved in control of movement

A

substantia nigra

55
Q

region in the left hemisphere that is essential for language production

A

Broca’s area

56
Q

left or right half of the brain

A

hemisphere

57
Q

area in the frontal lobe responsible for higher-level cognitive functioning

A

prefrontal cortex

58
Q

depressions or grooves in the cerebral cortex

A

sulcus

sulci

59
Q

forebrain structure that regulates sexual motivation and behavior and a number of homeostatic processes; serves as an interface between the nervous system and the endocrine system

A

hypothalamus

60
Q

part of the cerebral cortex involved in processing various sensory and perceptual information; contains the primary somatosensory cortex

A

parietal lobe

61
Q

MRI that shows changes in metabolic activity over time

A

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

62
Q

state of equilibrium - biological conditions, such as body temperature, are maintained at optimal levels

A

homeostasis

63
Q

difference in charge across the neuronal membrane

A

membrane potential

64
Q

drug that mimics or strengthens the effects of a neurotransmitters

A

agonist

65
Q

activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, allowing access energy reserves and heightened sensory capacity so that we might fight off a given threat of run away to safety

A

fight or flight response

66
Q

sensory relay for the brain

A

thalamus

67
Q

major extension of the soma

A

axon

68
Q

series of glands that produce chemical substances known as hormones

A

endocrine system

69
Q

involves injecting individuals with a mildly radioactive substance and monitoring changes in blood flow to different regions of the brain

A

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

70
Q

division of the brain containing the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

A

hindbrain

71
Q

branch-like extension of the soma that receives incoming signals from other neurons

A

dendrite

72
Q

view of gene-environment interaction that asserts our genes affect our environment, and our environment influences the expression of our genes

A

genetic environmental correlation

73
Q

recording the electrical activity of the brain via electrodes to the scalp

A

electroencephalography (EEG)

74
Q

sudden, permanent change in a gene

A

mutation

75
Q

view that psychological disorders like depression and schizophrenia are associated with imbalances in one or more neurotransmitter systems

A

biological perspective

76
Q

secretes a number of key hormones, which regulate fluid levels in the body, and a number of messenger hormones, which direct the activity of other glands in the endocrine system

A

pituitary gland

77
Q

magnetic fields used to produce a picture of the tissue being imaged

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

78
Q

states that organisms that are better suited for their environments will survive and reproduce compared to those that are poorly suited for their environments

A

theory of evolution by natural selection

79
Q

electrical signal that moves down the neuron’s axon

A

action potential

80
Q

storage site for neurotransmitters

A

synaptic vesicle

81
Q

nervous system cell that provides physical and metabolic support to neurons, including neuronal insulation and communication, and nutrient and waste transport

A

glial cell

82
Q

associated with routine, day-to-day operations of the body

A

parasympathetic nervous system

83
Q

drug that blocks or impedes the normal activity of a given neurotransmitter

A

antagonist

84
Q

structure in the limbic system involved in our experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to our memories

A

amygdala

85
Q

small gap between two neurons where communication occurs

A

synapse

86
Q

disease related to insufficient insulin production

A

diabetes

87
Q

part of the cerebral cortex associated with visual processing; contains the primary visual cortex

A

occipital lobe

88
Q

concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions

A

lateralization

89
Q

chemical messenger of the nervous system

A

neurotransmitter

90
Q

secretes sexual hormones, which are important for successful reproduction, and mediate both sexual motivation and behavior

A

gonad

91
Q

sits atop our kidneys and secretes hormones involved in the stress response

A

adrenal gland

92
Q

controls our internal organs and glands

A

autonomic nervous system

Psychology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions