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Client Assessment > Chapter 9 Kinesiology (page 26) > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Kinesiology (page 26) Flashcards

1
Q

Every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless it is acted upon by an outside force. This statement is _______________.

A

Newton’s First Law of Motion

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2
Q

____________ is the study of the principles of mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement.

A

Kinesiology

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3
Q

______________: Acceleration of a body is proportional to the force causing it.

A

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

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4
Q

This refers to any device that is used to accomplish work by applying force in some way to gain mechanical advantage.

A

Machines

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5
Q

________________ states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

A

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

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6
Q

This is the study and analysis of mechanical kinesiology or human performance through the principles of mechanics.

A

Biomechanics

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7
Q

Structural Kinesiology is understanding one’s ability to _________________.

A

Move anatomically

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8
Q

Give 5 examples of Simple Machines

A
  • *1. Pulley
    2. Wheel and axle
    3. Lever
    4. Inclined plane
    5. Screw**
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9
Q

Lever is rigid bar which revolves about a fixed point, the ________.

A

Fulcrum

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10
Q

________ is a simple machine used to change the direction of the pulling force by means of a band, belt, etc.

A

Pulley

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11
Q

The ratio of the force which performs useful work of a machine to the force which is applied to the machine. This explains the concept of _______________.

A

Mechanical Advantage

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12
Q

Mechanical Advantage is represented by the ratio of the ________________ to the ________________. (MA = FA/RA)

A

Length of the power arm

Length of the resistance arm

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13
Q

_____________: The force is located between the fulcrum and the weight.

A

Third Class Lever

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14
Q

____________: The weight is between the fulcrum and the force.

A

Second Class Lever

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15
Q

The fulcrum is between the force and the weight.

A

First Class Lever

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16
Q

In a simple lever, force applied at right angles to the lever, multiplied by the force arm equals weight times resistance arm. This shows the concept of _____________.

A

Laws of Levers

(F x FA = W x RA)

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17
Q

___________ is the distance from the fulcrum to the point where force is applied.

___________ is the distance from the fulcrum to the center of gravity of the weight.

A

The Force Arm

The Weight Arm

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18
Q

_________ of the body act as levers which creates mechanical advantage of strength or speed by producing a turning motion about an axis.

A

Bones

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19
Q

Most of the movements of the body are produced by ___________ levers.

A

Third class

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20
Q

______________ can give strength or speed depending on where the fulcrum is located. ______________ are oriented towards speed of movement rather than strength. ____________ give strength.

A

First Class Levers

(>,<,=1)

Third Class Levers

(<1)

Second Class Levers

(>1)

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21
Q

To be most effective, the force must be directed ____________ to the lever.

A

At right angles

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22
Q

If a person desires to exert a large amount of force he should have as long a ________ arm as possible.

A

Force (arm)

23
Q

Identify the four planes of movements

A
  • *1. Sagittal Plane
    2. Coronal Plane
    3. Transverse/horizontal Plane
    4. Oblique Plane**
24
Q

This plane passes through the body at an angle.

A

Oblique Plane

25
Q

This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides.

A

Sagittal Plane

26
Q

____________ - vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior. This is the plane where abduction/adduction occurs.

A

Coronal Plane

27
Q

____________: This plane divides the body into superior
and inferior.

A

Transverse or Horizontal Plane

This is where horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction occurs

28
Q

The _______________ is always at 90 degrees of the plane of movement.

A

Axis of Movement

29
Q

Identify four Axes of Movement

A
  • *1. Frontal (Coronal) Axis
    2. Sagittal Axis
    3. Vertical Axis
    4. Longitudinal Axis**
30
Q

This axis follows the shaft of the bone.

A

Longitudinal Axis

31
Q

This axis goes from front to back of the body.

A

Sagittal Axis

32
Q

The moving segments travel in a sagittal plane around a horizontal (coronal) axis.

A

Flexion and Extension

33
Q

______________ occurs in frontal (coronal) plane around an axis lying in the sagittal plane.

A

Abduction and Adduction

34
Q

____________ combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction.

A

Circumduction

35
Q

In circumduction, the extremity will travel in a cone-shaped path with the apex at the ________________ around which the movements originates.

A

Fulcrum at the joint

36
Q

________________ occurs in multiaxial (ball and socket) joints, around a longitudinal axis.

A

Medial/Lateral rotation

37
Q

This is when an object progresses in a straight line from one position to another with all of its parts moving in the same direction at the same velocity. This occurs in a particular plane.

A

Linear Motion

38
Q

Defined as motion in which all parts of an object move along the arc of a circle around a center of rotation or axis. This also occurs in a plane, but also around an axis.

A

Angular Motion

AKA rotary or rotatory motion

39
Q

____________ occurs at pivot joints (not ball and socket joints) in the proximal radioulnar joint.

A

Pronation and Supination

40
Q

Where is the axis for pronation and supination located? (This center or axis also rotates around another axis in the center of the head of the ulna)

A

In the center or axis of the Head of the radius

41
Q

_________ or downward rotation is refering to a movement where the inferior angle of the scapula moves medially.

A

**Adduction **

42
Q

___________ involves upward rotation or inferior angle of the moves laterally.

A

Abduction

43
Q

_________ of the scapula expands the rib cage. _________ of the scapula decreases the rib cage size.

A

Elevation

Depression

44
Q

______________ of the shoulder occurs around a sagittal axis in the frontal plane.

A

Elevation and Depression

45
Q

Protraction/retraction of the shoulder occurs around a _________ axis in a ________ plane.

A

Vertical

Horizontal

46
Q

__________ occurs around the longitudinal axis of the humerus.

A

Rotation

47
Q

_________ is the movement of the sole of the foot medially.

A

Inversion

AKA supination (not used very often)

48
Q

_________ is the movement of the sole of the foot laterally.

A

Eversion

AKA pronation (used more often than eversion)

49
Q

___________________ actually results from movements around as many as 12 axes.

A

Eversion and eversion of the foot

50
Q

Eversion and inversion are the result of small gliding movements between the __________ and ______________ joints mainly accepted as subtalar joint movement.

A

Intertarsal

Tarsometatarsal

51
Q

Extension and flexion of axial skeleton occurs in _______ plane and _______ axis.

A

Sagittal

Coronal

52
Q

Lateral flexion of the axial skeleton occurs in _______ plane and _______ axis.

A

Coronal

Sagittal

53
Q

Rotation of the axial skeleton occurs in ________ axis, and in standing straight, _________ axis.

A

Longitudinal

Vertical

Client Assessment (9 decks)

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